Table 3.

Summary of aggregated annoyance, principal component analysis, and ANOVA models based on the first construct of PCA, when all 5 annoyance variables are included in the construct, as well as removing one annoyance variable at a time from the construct

	Variable removed from the overall aggregate annoyance construct
	None (overall)	Personal benefitsa	Vibration annoyance	Noise annoyance	Visual annoyance	Shadow flicker annoyance	Blinking lights annoyance
Cronbach’s alpha	0.82	0.82	0.85	0.76	0.75	0.76	0.75
Summary statistics based on addition of annoyance variables
N	1226	1116	1233	1226	1226	1227	1226
Mean	2.25	2.36	2.20	1.75	1.56	1.83	1.69
Median	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
Std dev	3.89	3.98	3.75	3.14	2.90	3.13	2.97
Std error	0.11	0.12	0.11	0.09	0.08	0.09	0.08
Minimumb	0	0	0	0	0	0	0
Maximumc	20	20	16	16	16	16	16
Values from PCA
Eigenvalue of construct 1d	2.91	2.91	2.77	2.35	2.32	2.36	2.31
Proportion of variance in total annoyance explained by construct 1	0.58	0.58	0.69	0.59	0.58	0.59	0.58
	PEI distancee (km)
p value of distance categoryf	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Pattern of differences between distance categoriesg	A, A, B, B, B	A, B, C, C, C	A, A, B, B, B	A, B, C, C, C	A, A, B, B, B	A, A, B, B, B	A, A, B, B, B
	ON distancee (km)
p value of distance categoryf	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001	< 0.0001
Pattern of differences between distance categoriesg	A, A, B, AB, C	A, A, B, AB, C	A, A, B, AB, C	A, A, B, AB, C	A, AB, C, BC, C	AB, A, B, AB, C	A, A, B, AB, C

^aParticipants indicating that they received personal benefits were removed from the analysis

^bThe minimum aggregate annoyance value is 0 when respondents indicate either “Do not hear/see/perceive” or “Not at all annoyed” to each of the five wind turbine features

^cThe aggregate annoyance value can reach a maximum of 20 (or 16) when respondents indicate “extremely” annoyed to each of the five (or 4) wind turbine features

^dVariance explained by the first PCA construct (max = 5, unless if only 4 variables are used then the max = 4)

^eDistance groups in km are defined as follows: ≤ 0.550, (0.550, 1], (1, 2], (2, 5], > 5. In the analysis where distance was applied as the exposure group, the interaction between province and distance was not significant, indicating that the relationship between annoyance and distance was similar in both provinces. Nevertheless, the two provinces were analyzed separately for ease of interpretation of results

^fp value based on ANOVA of the first PCA construct, assessing the relationship between the mean of construct 1 in the different distance groups

^gLetters correspond to the distance groups (i.e., the first letter represents distance group ≤ 0.550 km, the second letter corresponds to (0.550, 1] km, etc.). Groups with the same letter are statistically similar, whereas groups with different letters are statistically different