Table 1.
Lipophilic ligands of food-derived nsLTPs.
| Fatty acid | Formula | nsLTP | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| Decanonic acid [C10] |  |
Maize LTP | (14) |
| Lauric acid [C12] |  |
Pru p 3 Lentil LTP Maize LTP |
(29) (14) |
| Myristic acid [C14] |  |
Maize LTP Rice LTP |
(14) |
| Palmitic acid [C16] |  |
Pru p 3 (Tri a 14) Maize LTP Barley LTP |
(31) (14) (14) |
| Stearic acid [C18] |  |
(Pru p 3) (Jug r 3) (Cor a 8) Maize LTP Rice LTP |
(31, 32) |
| Palmitoleic acid [C16:1, cis-9] |  |
(Pea LTP) Maize LTP Rice LTP |
(21) |
| Oleic acid [C18:1, cis-9] |  |
Prup3 (Jug r 3) (Cor a 8) (Mal d 3) Maize LTP |
(31, 32) |
| Ricinoleic acid [C18:1, cis-9, 12-OH] |  |
Maize LTP | (14) |
| Elaidic acid [C18:1, trans-9] |  |
Pru p 3 | (31) |
| Linoleic acid [C18:2, cis-9,12] |  |
Prup 3 Pea LTP Pru p 3 |
(21, 29, 31) |
| Linoleinic acid [C18:3 cis-9,12,15] |  |
Pea LTP (Tri a 14) (Maize LTP) |
(21) (29) (14) |
| (Phospho) Lipids | |||
| LLPC [C12] |  |
Barley LTP | (21) |
| LMPG [C14] |  |
Pea LTP | (21) |
| LMPC [C14] |  |
Wheat LTP1 Pea LTP |
(20) (14) |
| DMPG [C14/C14] |  |
Wheat LTP1 | (20) |
| LPPG [C16] |  |
Wheat LTP2 Pea LTP |
(23) (21) |
| LPPC [C16] |  |
Tomato LTP Pea LTP |
(22) (21) |
| Phosphatidylcholin |  |
Grape LTP (admixed) Maize LTP > wheat LTP |
(30) (34) |
| Others | |||
| Phytosphingosine [C18] |  |
Pru p 3 | (33) |
| Prostaglandin B2 |  |
Wheat LTP1 | (14) |
| (Ergo)sterol |  |
LTP2 Rice LTP2 |
(19, 24) (24) |
| Jasmonic acid |  |
Pea LTP | (21) |
| α-GalCer |  |
CD1d ligand (control) | (35) |
Chemical structure of lipids and nsLTPs reported to bind the respective lipids are indicated. nsLTPs with strongest lipid binding capacity are indicated in bold, allergenic nsLTPs are indicated according to nomenclature suggested by the IUIS allergen nomenclature subcommittee.
LLPC, 1-lauroyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; LMPG, 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol); LMPC, 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine; DMPG, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol); LPPG, 1-palmitoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1′-rac-glycerol); LPPC, 1-myristoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine.
nsLTPs, non-specific lipid-transfer proteins; LPPG, L-α-palmitoyl-phosphatidylglycerol; LPPC, L-α-palmitoyl-lysophosphatidylcholine.