FIGURE 10.

Establishing an odor-electric shock memory through artificial activation of specific ORNs and simultaneous stimulation is a general property of Drosophila larvae. (A) Timescale of associative conditioning using 10 cycles, 120 V for electric shocks and continuous blue light with an intensity of 100%. For the olfactory preference test ethyl acetate (1:1000) was used. Here, continuous blue light activates Or42b, which has a reported response profile for ethyl acetate. (B) The artificial activation of Or42b and using ethyl acetate in the test led to olfactory preferences for Or42b/UAS-ChR2-XXL, which are statistically significant to both control groups (Or42b/+ and UAS-ChR2-XXL/+) (Tukey post hoc test, p = 0.0133, p = 0.0398, respectively). All three groups showed olfactory preferences, which are statistically significant from zero (one sample t-test, p < 0.0001, for all three groups). Differences between groups are depicted below the respective box plots, at which ns indicates p ≥ 0.05. Different lowercase letters indicate statistical significant differences at level p < 0.05. Small circles indicate outliers. Sample size is indicated with the letter n.