Table 3.
iCOACH case characteristics
| Ontario | Quebec | New Zealand | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cases | Community agency lead (case 1) | Primary care and home care (case 2) | Community health center (case 3) | Highly urban (case 1) | Urban (case 2) | Rural (case 3) | Network model (case 1) | Māori (indigenous) NGO (case 2) | PHO home visiting program (case 3) |
| Model | Single organization Multiple services available including primary care services Partnerships with hospitals and home care delivery around contracts and/or projects |
Partnership model Multi-disciplinary primary care practice and home care delivery agency Strong connections to local hospital, emergency services, and community agencies |
Single organization Multiple services under one roof including primary care Community-focused with an emphasis on social determinants of health Co-location through hubs with community service partners |
Regional model with 1 hospital, 3 long-term care facilities, and 2 local community health centers (CLSC) Connects to primary health care, community agencies, rehab, pharmacies, and private residences |
Regional model with 4 long-term care facilities and 4 local community health centers (CLSC) Connects to university teaching hospital, primary health care, community agencies, rehab, pharmacies, and private residences |
Regional model with 1 hospital, 1 long-term care facility, and 1 local community health center (CLSC) Connects to primary health care, community agencies, rehab, pharmacies, and private residences |
Network of urban and rural practices within a single district health board Programs create consensus care pathways with implementation across primary care and secondary care. Multi-disciplinary primary/community care providers Services to support integrated care for older adults with complex conditions (e.g., home services to enable early hospital discharge) |
Community-owned NGO providing public health and primary care services to urban and semi-rural populations experiencing high material deprivation. Inter-professional team (doctor, nurse practitioner, nurse, pharmacist, navigator) Whanau (family) navigator works with patients and families to access health and social services |
Chronic care management program for patients in 1 of 6 rural or semi-rural primary care practices Teams of a nurse and a kaiawhina (community health worker) home visit patients to provide clinical assessment, education, and coordinate health and social services Service typically offered for 6 months |
| Provider interviews | 8 | 8 | 7 | 14 | 8 | 7 | 4 | 7 | 8 |
| Manager interviews | 8 | 10 | 6 | 12 | 9 | 11 | 6 | 2 | 2 |