Impact of 1 mM levobupivacaine on mitochondrial function and composition. (A) High resolution respirometry analysis (Oroboros oxygraph 2-k) of DU145 challenged with a titration of levobupivacaine (diamond) or rotenone (square). (B) Complex I specific activity determined by spectrophotometry on DU145 after 24 h of treatment with 1 mM levobupivacaine, before and after the addition of 100 nM rotenone. (C) Complex I protein expression level (20KDa subunit) in BHP and DU145 cells after 24 h of treatment with 1 mM levobupivacaine. (D) CM-H2DCFDA fluorescence on DU145 cells treated or untreated with 1 mM levobupivacaine for 24 h, with or without co-treatment with resveratrol (rsv) and/or H2O2. (E) Catalase activity measured in DU145 cells treated or untreated with 1 mM Levobupivacaine. (F) Cell proliferative capacity measured on DU145 cells after 24 h of treatment with 1 mM levobupivacaine, with or without addition of anti-oxidants (NAC, Resveratrol and α-tocopherol). All the data shown correspond to the mean value ± SD of N ≥ 3 different experiments. Significantly different from the untreated cells at: * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01.