Fig. 3.

Impact of levobupivacaine on the bioenergetic state of BHP and DU145 cells. (A) Metabolic chart showing the two main sources of ATP synthesis in mammalian cells: glcolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. (B) Total ATP steady-state levels of BHP and DU145 cells treated with 1 mM levobupivacaine. (C) Contribution of mitochondria and glycolysis in cellular ATP production, as assessed using inhibitors of those pathways (iodoacetate and oligomycin, respectively). (D) Bioenergetic status of BHP and DU145 cell lines as determined by the ATP/ADP ratio measured at steady state. All the data shown correspond to the mean value ± SD of N ≥ 3 different experiments. Significantly different from the untreated cells at: * P ≤ 0.05.