Table 3. Potential confounders and their relationships with CFP assignment.
CFP Status is the Dependent Variable.
| Possible Confounder | Overall forest (n = 620) |
Lower altitude <1000m (n = 413) | Higher altitude ≥1000m (n = 207) | Low slope (<150) (n = 277) |
High slope (≥ 150) (n = 343) | Terai (n = 356) | Hill (n = 264) | Open canopy (<50%) (n = 276) | Closed canopy (≥ 50%) (n = 344) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Intercept | -6.07 (10.40) | -15.83 (10.47) | -4.90 (21.82) | 0.65 (14.06) | -17.04 (17.04) | -26.95 (20.08) | -32.64 (0.002) | 7.95 (8.93) | -9.05 (13.94) |
| Forest area | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.02 (0.01) | 0.04 (0.07) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.07 (0.04) | 0.01 (0.01) | 0.28 (0.001) | 0.01 ((0.01) | 0.03 (0.01) |
| Forest size per household | 1.41 (1.04) | 1.60 (1.25) | 3.28 (7.53) | 2.49 (1.38) | 0.17 (1.78) | 2.24 (1.46) | -5.87 (0.002) | 3.34 (1.39) | 1.15 (1.01) |
| Travel time to nearest road | -1.43 (2.00) | -3.55 (2.93) | 0.04 (2.63) | 1.85 (2.90) | -4.02 (2.35) | 5.85 (3.63) | -3.54 (0.002) | -0.41 (2.37) | -1.54 (2.27) |
| Travel time to district headquarters | 1.23 (1.15) | 0.78 (1.34) | -1.46 (2.41) | -1.85 (1.45) | 2.33 (1.45) | -5.93 (2.22) | 3.39 (0.002) | 0.75 (1.54) | 1.39 (1.00) |
| Slope | 0.08 (0.07) | 0.09 (0.09) | 0.02 (0.12) | 0.52 (0.37) | 0.09 (0.09) | 0.06 (0.10) | 3.11 (0.002) | 0.07 (0.08) | 0.14 (0.08) |
| Altitude | 0.01 (0.002) | 0.02 (0.01) | -0.0003 (0.004) | 0.01 (0.004) | 0.01 (0.004) | 0.014 (0.005) | 0.004 (0.001) | 0.01 (0.003) | 0.01 (0.004) |
| Moisture gradient | -0.17 (0.42) | -0.32 (0.55) | 0.63 (0.89) | -0.75 (0.95) | 0.17 (0.50) | -0.24 (0.65) | 0.44 (0.002) | 0.16 (0.54) | -0.44 (0.48) |
| Broadleaved-conifer gradient | 0.49 (2.60) | 9.04 (4.190 | -6.93 (5.24) | 11.19 (4.76) | -1.48 (2.41) | 11.17 (4.85) | -4.55 (0.002) | 1.67 (3.03) | 0.21 (3.55) |
| Presence of Shorea robusta | -1.07 (1.74) | -1.75 (2.50) | -1.30 (3.710 | -6.66 (5.10) | -0.21 (2.24) | -1.73 (2.65) | -2.80 (0.002) | -0.09 (1.84) | -0.67 (2.66) |
| Presence of soil erosion | -1.24 (1.52) | -0.08 (2.04) | -0.28 (2.08) | -0.24 (3.17) | -1.17 (1.83) | -0.95 (2.34) | -3.03 (0.002) | 0.46 (1.94) | -1.14 (1.60) |
| 1989 NDVI | -14.29 (15.61) | -14.45 (14.71) | 6.09 (31.54) | -15.70 (17.36) | 1.05 (20.02) | 16.94 (28.12) | 3.58 (0.002) | -24.91 (14.98) | -2.29 (22.62) |
| Communities conservation duration | -0.75 (0.22) | -0.16 (0.41) | -0.81 (0.37) | -1.00 (0.50) | -0.74 (0.27) | -0.73 (0.45) | -1.10 (0.002) | -1.12 (0.34) | -0.58 (0.24) |
| Forest user households | 0.003 (0.001) | 0.003 (0.001) | 0.02 (0.02) | 0.003 (0.001) | 0.004 (0.02) | 0.003 (0.002) | 0.02 (0.002) | 0.003 (0.001) | 0.003 (0.001) |
| % of households living in the village for ≥2 generations | 10.64 (6.35) | 0.68 (5.10) | 27.35 (20.31) | 0.990(5.25) | 10.00 (9.73) | 6.20 (6.18) | 36.10 (0.002) | 7.04 (5.44) | 6.29 (5.99) |
| % of indigenous population | 1.59 (4.28) | 9.25 (6.72) | 0.07 (4.44) | 9.07 (6.10) | 0.80 (4.35) | 15.74 (7.37) | 2.94 (0.002) | 3.59 (4.55) | -2.63 (4.15) |
| % poor population | -1.340 (6.12) | -3.71 (6.48) | -5.46 (11.19) | -16.71 (8.87) | 4.72 (6.75) | -15.51 (10.38) | 6.92 (0.002) | -17.46 (7.00) | -0.72 (6.42) |
Standard errors are in parentheses and statistically significant estimates (p-values ≤ 0.05) are in bold.