Table 2.
The 16 genera found in Brazil that include species (not necessarily from Brazil) that have yielded drugs approved for use or clinical trial by the FDA and their ethnomedicinal use, if any, in Brazil.
| Genera yielding drugs approved by FDA for use of clinical trial | Drug (therapeutic class or targeted disease) (Zhu et al., 2011) | Presence in hotnode? | Therapeutic application of species in that genus in Brazil (frequency of citation) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Acacia | Amphetamine (neurological disease) | No | DFS (1) |
| Atenolol (cardiovascular disease) | |||
| Betaxololo HCI (cardiovascular disease) | |||
| Dextroamphetamin e sulfate (ADHD; narcolepsy) | |||
| Isoprenaline (Cardiovascular disease) | |||
| Methamphetamine (neurological disease) | |||
| Metoprolol tartrate (Cardiovascular disease) | |||
| Polyphenon 100 (Haemostatic) | |||
| Propranolol (Cardiovascular disease) | |||
| Tranylcypromine sulfate (Major depressive) | |||
| Vyvanse (Neurological disease) | |||
| Senegalia | Atenolol (cardiovascular disease) | No | DFS (1), DMC (3), DRS (5), IPD(2) |
| Betaxololo HCI (cardiovascular disease) | |||
| Amphetamine (neurological disease) | |||
| Dextroamphetamin e sulfate (ADHD; narcolepsy) | |||
| Isoprenaline (Cardiovascular disease) | |||
| Lisdexamfetamine dimesylate (ADHD) | |||
| Methamphetamine (neurological disease) | |||
| Metoprolol tartrate (Cardiovascular disease) | |||
| Propranolol (Cardiovascular disease) | |||
| Tranylcypromine sulfate (Major depressive) | |||
| Vyvanse (Neurological disease) | |||
| Cassia (Senna) | Danthron (laxative) Sennoside A (Cardiovascular disease) Sennoside B (Cardiovascular disease) |
Yes | Other (tanning) (Cassia). Senna— DBI (5), DCS (12), DDS (35), DFS (11), DGS (9), DMC (7), DNS (6), DRS (27), DSS (10), ENM (8), IPD (9), NEO (3), PCP (3) |
| Melilotus | Hidrosmin (Cardiovascular disease) | No | Medicinal |
| Warfarin (Cardiovascular disease) | |||
| Mucuna | L-Dopa (Neurological disease) | No | Medicinal |
| Levodopa (dietary supplement) | |||
| Melevodopa (Neurological disease) | |||
| Crotalaria | Monocrotaline (oncological disease) | No | DFS (1), IPD (1) |
| Sophora | Pachycarpine (Oxytocic) | No | Medicinal |
| Sofalcone (Antiulcer) | |||
| Daidzein (oncological disease) | |||
| Phenoxodiol (Oncological disease) | |||
| Trifolium | Pinitol (Expectorant) | No | not used as medicinal in Brazil |
| Daidzein (oncological disease) | |||
| Phenoxodiol (Oncological disease) | |||
| Lonchocarpus | Rotenone (Piscicide) | No | not used as medicinal in Brazil |
| Phaseolus | Daidzein (oncological disease) | No | ENM (1), IPD (1) |
| Phenoxodiol (Oncological disease) | |||
| Pueraria | Daidzein (oncological disease) | No | not used as medicinal in Brazil |
| Phenoxodiol (Oncological disease) | |||
| Vigna | Daidzein (oncological disease) | No | DSS (1) |
| Phenoxodiol (Oncological disease) | |||
| Indigofera | Indirubin (oncological disease) | No | DDS (2), DGS (2), DNS (1), PCP (1) |
| Vachellia | Pinitol (Expectorant) | Yes | DDS (2), DEA (1), DMC (2), DNS (1), DRS (2) |
For each genus we indicate the drug following Zhu et al., 2011, whether the genus is in a hotnode clade, the therapeutic applications of Brazilian species and the frequency of citation. Therapeutic applications are as follows: DBI, diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs and certain disorders involving the immune mechanism; DCS, diseases of the circulatory system, DDS, diseases of the digestive system; DFS, diseases of the femalegenito system; DGS, diseases of the genitourinary system; DMC, diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue; DNS, diseases of the nervous system; DRS, diseases of the respiratory system; DSS, diseases of the skin and subcutaneous tissue; ENM, endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases; IPD, certain infectious and parasitic diseases; NEO, neoplasms; OTHER, not classified diseases such as fever, pain, and inflammation.