Expression of Bak, Bax and Caspase-3 and activity of Caspase-3 in MDA-MB-468 cells. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of the relative gene expression of (A) Bak and (B) Caspase-3 in MDA-MB-468 cells following wt-hTRβ1 or m-hTRβ1-gene transfection. The expression levels were normalized to those of GAPDH; the relative expression level of each gene was calculated using 2−ΔΔCq. The data are presented as the mean ± SD. (C) Western blot analysis of the effect of wt-hTRβ1 and m-hTRβ1 on the expression of Bak and Caspase-3. The results are from a single experiment that is representative of three independent experiments. (D) Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis of the relative gene expression of Bax in MDA-MB-468 cells following wt-hTRβ1 or m-hTRβ1-gene transfection. (E) Colorimetric assay of Caspase-3 activation. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *P<0.05; **P<0.01. wt-hTRβ1, wild-type human TRβ1; m-hTRβ1, modified human TRβ1; NNS, nucleic kinase substrate short peptide; CS, chitosan; T3, triiodothyronine; SD, standard deviation.