Figure 2.
Mean (standard error) perturbation-induced effects on step width (SW), step length (SL), step width variability (SWV), and step length variability (SLV) for each perturbation amplitude. Gray shading represents plus and minus one standard error of each measure during normal walking (“Norm”). Vertical dashed lines represent cessation of optical flow perturbations and a return to normal, unperturbed walking. Double asterisks (**) indicate significantly different from normal walking for the onset of visual perturbations and/or following their cessation (p<0.05). Single asterisks (*) indicate significant post-hoc differences between the identified time points (p<0.05). We also note a statistical trend approaching significance (p = 0.07) for increased step width at the onset of perturbations (†).