Table 3.
Metabolites significantly up (↑) or down (↓) regulated by an herbicide treatment relative to the control group (t-test p < 0.05) following exposure in amphibians.
| Herbicide treatment | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Metabolite | ATZ | ME | D | ATZME | ATZD | MED | ATZMED |
| Alanine | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ||||
| Aspartic acid | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ||||
| Butyric acid | ↑ | ↑ | |||||
| Disaccharide | ↓, ↑ | ↑ | ↓ | ||||
| Galactose | ↑ | ↑ | |||||
| Glucose/galactose | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |||
| Glucuronic acid | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||
| Guanosine | ↑ | ↑ | |||||
| Hydroxybutyric acid | ↓ | ↓ | |||||
| Hypoxanthine | ↓ | ↑ | |||||
| Lactic acid | ↑ | ↑ | |||||
| Leucine | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||
| Maltose | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||
| Maltose/turanose | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |
| Myo-inositol | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||
| Oxalic acid | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | ↓ | |||
| phosphorylethanolamine | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||
| Ribitol | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |||
| Ribose/fructose | ↓ | ↑ | |||||
| Sugar phosphate | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Tyrosine | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ||||
| Urea | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | |||
| Total up regulated | 7 | 8 | 14 | 12 | 7 | 7 | 6 |
| Total down regulated | 2 | 0 | 4 | 5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Total up or down regulated | 9 | 8 | 18 | 17 | 12 | 7 | 6 |
CON = control, ATZ = atrazine, ME = metolachlor, D = 2,4-d.