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As a major thermoregulatory organ, BAT can generate heat (through Ucp1-mediated adaptive thermogenesis) by sympathetic nervous system-mediated β-AR signaling. Lkb1 and Tfam regulate mtDNA-encoded ETC subunit gene expression, and their deficiencies in BAT lead to ETC proteome imbalance, a mismatch between proportional ETC complexes. This ETC proteome imbalance locally in BAT can cause systemic adaptive responses, which ultimately result in metabolic fitness.
