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. 2018 Jun 27;36(28):4134–4141. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.083

Fig. 2.

Fig. 2

Summary of changes on CD4+ and CD8+T cells expressing α4β7 and CCR9. Volunteers received either one of 3 vaccines (Vivotif, Rotarix or Opvero) plus ATRA or ATRA alone. (A) Change in α4β7 expression on CD4+ T cells was significantly higher in participants that received Vivotif with ATRA (*P < 0.05) or Rotarix with ATRA (*P = 0.02). (B) Change in α4β7 expression on CD8+ T cells was also significantly higher in the group that received Vivotif with ATRA (*P = 0.03) or Rotarix with ATRA (**P = 0.002). (C) Change in CCR9 expression on CD4+ T cells was significantly higher in participants that received Vivotif with ATRA (*P = 0.02). (D) CCR9 expression on the CD8+ T cells; no effect of ATRA was observed. The changes were calculated by subtracting the pre- vaccination CD4+ T cells expressing the gut homing markers of interest from the post vaccination CD4+ T cells. The effects of ATRA were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test.