Fig. 3.

ATRA induced coordinated expression of α4β7-integrin and CCR9 on CD4+ T cells in Vivotif recipients. (A) Change in α4β7+CD4+ and CCR9+CD4+ was closely correlated (ρ = 0.83; P < 0.0001) in participants that received Vivotif with ATRA. Participants given (B) Vivotif alone (ρ = 0.12; P = 0.83), (C) ATRA alone (ρ = 0.07; P = 0.82), or (D) Rotarix with ATRA (ρ = 0.39; P = 0.38) showed no correlation in gut marker expression respectively. Correlations were analyzed using the Spearman rank correlation test.