Table 1.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of participants according to the presence or absence of hematuria at baseline
| Dipstick Positive 1145 (35) | Dipstick Negative 2127 (65) | Total 3272 (100) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demography | |||
| Age (years; mean +/− SD) | 55 +/− 12 | 59+/− 10 | 57+/− 11 |
| Female Sex (n [%]) | 470 (41) | 935 (44) | 1405 (43) |
| Racial/ethnic group (n [%]) | |||
| Non-Hispanic White | 365 (32) | 940 (44) | 1305 (40) |
| Non-Hispanic Black/African American | 489 (43) | 930 (44) | 1419 (43) |
| Hispanic | 254 (22) | 204 (10) | 458 (14) |
| Other | 37 (3) | 53 (2) | 90 (3) |
| ApoL1 recessive genetic model (n [%])a | |||
| 0 or 1 copy of APOL1 risk variants | 350 (81) | 665 (79) | 1015 (80) |
| 2 copies of APOL1 risk variants | 80 (19) | 176 (21) | 256 (20) |
| Educational attainment (n [%]) | |||
| Less than high school | 346 (30) | 430 (20) | 776 (24) |
| High school graduate | 239 (21) | 426 (20) | 665 (20) |
| Some college | 319 (28) | 607 (29) | 926 (28) |
| College graduate or higher | 241 (21) | 664 (31) | 905 (28) |
| Anthropometry | |||
| BMI (kg/m2; mean +/-SD) | 32+/−8 | 32+/− 8 | 32+/− 8 |
| BMI (kg/m2; n [%]) | |||
| < 25 | 207 (18) | 282 (13) | 489 (15) |
| 25 to < 30 | 302 (26) | 625 (29) | 927 (28) |
| > =30 | 633 (55) | 1215 (57) | 1848 (57) |
| Abdominal Circumference (cm; mean +/-SD) | 105+/− 18 | 106+/− 17 | 106+/− 18 |
| Fat free mass [kg; median (IQR)] | 61 (50 to 72) | 59 (49 to 70) | 60 (50 to 71) |
| Ankle-brachial index< 0.9 (n [%]) | 209 (19) | 326 (16) | 535 (17) |
| Systolic Blood P. (mmHg; mean +/-SD) | 134+/− 24 | 127/− 21 | 129+/− 22 |
| Diabetes | 638 (56) | 1014 (48) | 1652 (50) |
| Hypertension | 1013 (88) | 1878 (88) | 2891 (88) |
| Tobacco use (n [%]) | |||
| Current smoker | 189 (17) | 273 (13) | 462 (14) |
| More than 100 cigarettes during lifetime | 638 (56) | 1180 (55) | 1818 (56) |
| Cancer (n[%]) | |||
| Any cancer in the last 5 years | 68 (6) | 158 (7) | 226 (7) |
| Any non-skin cancer in the last 5 years | 56 (5) | 107 (5) | 163 (5) |
| Cardiovascular Disease (n [%]) | |||
| Congestive Heart Failure | 111 (10) | 229 (11) | 340 (10) |
| Peripheral Vascular Disease | 103 (9) | 137 (6) | 240 (7) |
| Coronary Disease | 232 (20) | 514 (24) | 746 (23) |
| Cerebrovascular Disesase | 124 (11) | 215 (10) | 339 (10) |
| Any Cardiovascular Disease | 385 (34) | 753 (35) | 1138 (35) |
| Renal Function | |||
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2; mean +/-SD) | 40+/−15 | 45+/−16 | 44+/− 16 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2; n[%]) (CRIC Eq.) | |||
| < 30 | 329 (29) | 390 (18) | 719 (22) |
| 30 to < 40 | 289 (25) | 507 (24) | 796 (24) |
| 40 to < 50 | 239 (21) | 480 (23) | 719 (22) |
| 50 to < 60 | 167 (15) | 380 (18) | 547 (17) |
| > = 60 | 121 (11) | 370 (17) | 491 (15) |
| Urinalysis | |||
| 24H Urine Albumin [g; median (IQR)] | 0.50 (0.05 to 1.76) | 0.04 (0.0 to 0.26) | 0.08 (0.01 to 0.61) |
| 24H Urine Albumin (n[%]) | |||
| < 30 mg/day | 211 (19.54) | 951 (46.66) | 1162 (37.27) |
| 30 to < 300 mg/day | 260 (24.07) | 605 (29.69) | 865 (27.74) |
| 300 to < 1000 mg/day | 224 (20.74) | 286 (14.03) | 510 (16.36) |
| > = 1000 mg/day | 385 (35.65) | 196 (9.62) | 581 (18.63) |
| Other laboratory markers | |||
| Hemoglobin (g/dl; mean+/-SD) | 12.3+/−1.9 | 12.6+/−1.7 | 12.5+/− 1.8 |
| CalciumT (mg/dl; mean +/-SD) | 9.2+/−0.5 | 9.2+/−0.5 | 9.2+/−0.5 |
| Phosphate (mg/dl; mean +/-SD) | 3.9+/− 0.7 | 3.7+/− 0.6 | 3.7+/− 0.7 |
| iPTH [pg/ml; median (IQR)] | 63 (38 to 107) | 52 (34 to 85) | 56 (36 to 92) |
| FGF23 [RU/ml; median (IQR)] | 175 (105 to 284) | 141 (95 to 224) | 150 (99 to 249) |
| Vitamin D [ng/ml; median (IQR)] | 17.6 (10.8 to 27.2) | 22.9 (14.5 to 34) | 20.8 (12.8 to 31.7) |
| Glucose [mg/dl; median (IQR)] | 100 (87 to 133) | 98 (87 to 123) | 98 (87 to 127) |
| HbA1C [%; median (IQR)] | 6.4 (5.6 to 7.9) | 6.1 (5.6 to 7.2) | 6.2 (5.6 to 7.4) |
| HOMAb[mmol/L*μU/mL; median (IQR)] | 4.5 (2.7 to 8.0) | 4.1 (2.5 to 7.2) | 4.2 (2.6 to 7.5) |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl; mean+/-SD) | 191+/−53 | 179+/−42 | 183/−46 |
| HDL (mg/dl; mean+/-SD) | 46+/−15 | 47+/−15 | 47+/−15 |
| LDL (mg/dl; mean+/-SD) | 107+/−39 | 100+/−34 | 102+/−36 |
| Triglycerides [mg/dl; median (IQR)] | 138 (94 to 198) | 127 (88 to 183) | 130 (91 to 189) |
| Albumin [g/dl; median (IQR)] | 3.8 (3.4 to 4.1) | 4.0 (3.7 to 4.3) | 3.9 (3.6 to 4.2) |
| Uric Acid (mg/dl; mean+/-SD) | 7.5+/−1.9 | 7.5+/−1.9 | 7.5+/−1.9 |
| High sensitivity CRP [mg/l; median (IQR)] | 2.8 (1.1 to 6.7) | 2.6 (1.1 to 6.6) | 2.6 (1.1 to 6.6) |
| High sens.Troponin T [pg/mL; median (IQR)] | 15.7 (7.3 to 34.3) | 11.9 (6.0 to 21.6) | 12.9 (6.3 to 24.6) |
| NTproBNP [pg/mL; median (IQR)] | 204 (81 to 588) | 142 (58 to 370) | 162 (66 to 439) |
| Medication (n [%]) | |||
| ACE/ARB | 786 (69.3) | 1492 (70.7) | 2278 (70.2) |
| Any anti-platelet agent | 458 (40.4) | 1038 (49.2) | 1496 (46.1) |
| cAMP and Ca modifiers | 83 (7.3) | 173 (8.2) | 256 (7.9) |
| Cox-1-inhibitor | 425 (37.5) | 968 (45.9) | 1393 (42.9) |
| Eicosapentaenoic acid | 0 (0) | 2 (0.09) | 2 (0.06) |
| Heparin | 3 (0.26) | 0 (0) | 3 (0.09) |
| Vitamin K antagonist | 84 (7) | 113 (5) | 197 (6) |
aApol1 recessive genetic model described among a sample of 1271 non-Hispanic black participants. bHOMA: Insulin Resistance Index