Table 1.
Self-reported previous physician diagnosis a (self-reported without physician diagnosis for addiction b )
| UK Biobank MHQ responses (age 45–82 years) | Health Survey for England (HSE) (age 45–84 years) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 157 366 | % in sample | N = 3272 | Prevalence (95% CI) | |
| All psychotic disorders | 723 | 0.5 | 11 | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) |
| Schizophrenia | 157 | 0.1 | NA | |
| Any other type of psychosis or psychotic illness | 604 | 0.4 | NA | |
| Depression | 33424 | 21.2 | 679 | 20.8 (19.4–22.2) |
| Mania, hypomania, bipolar or manic-depression | 837 | 0.5 | 13 | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) |
| Anxiety, nerves or generalised anxiety disorder c | 22036 | 14.0 | 170 | 5.2 (4.5–6) |
| Panic attacks | 8704 | 5.5 | 262 | 8.0 (7.1–9.0) |
| Agoraphobia | 599 | 0.4 | NA | |
| Social anxiety or social phobia | 1962 | 1.2 | NA | |
| Any other phobia (e.g. disabling fear of heights or spiders) | 2153 | 1.4 | 27 | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) |
| Obsessive–compulsive disorder | 982 | 0.6 | 11 | 0.3 (0.2–0.6) |
| Any personality disorder | 385 | 0.2 | 13 | 0.4 (0.2–0.7) |
| All eating disorders | 1851 | 1.2 | 26 | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) |
| Anorexia nervosa | 891 | 0.6 | NA | |
| Bulimia nervosa | 503 | 0.3 | NA | |
| Psychological over-eating or binge-eating | 707 | 0.4 | NA | |
| Autism, Asperger's or autistic spectrum disorder | 223 | 0.1 | NA | |
| Attention-deficit or attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder | 133 | 0.1 | 4 | 0.1 (0–0.3) |
| Any addiction or dependence | 9386 | 6.0 | NA | |
| Alcohol or drug addiction b | 5002 | 3.2 | 30 | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) |
| Physical alcohol dependence | 946 | 0.6 | NA | |
| Summary | ||||
| None of above | 103346 | 65.7 | 2356 | 72.0 (70.4–73.5) |
| One or more of the above | 54020 | 34.3 | 916 | 28.0 (26.5–29.6) |
| Two or more of the above | 19400 | 12.3 | NA | |
NA, not reported.
UK Biobank participants were asked: ‘Have you been diagnosed with one or more of the following mental health problems by a professional, even if you don't have it currently? (tick all that apply): By professional we mean: any doctor, nurse or person with specialist training (such as a psychologist or therapist). Please include disorders even if you did not need treatment for them or if you did not agree with the diagnosis’. HSE participants were asked to identify all the mental health conditions they had experienced, then asked whether they had been told by a doctor, psychiatrist or professional that they had it.
UK Biobank participants were asked: ‘Have you been addicted to or dependent on one or more things, including substances (not cigarettes/coffee) or behaviours (such as gambling)?’ HSE definition of addiction includes physician diagnosis.
HSE participants were asked about generalised anxiety disorder, and not about anxiety and nerves more generically.