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. 2018 Jun 27;18:138. doi: 10.1186/s12870-018-1340-3

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© The Author(s). 2018

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 4 — Expression analysis of Callose synthase genes CalS1 (a) and CalS7 (b) after aphid infestation. Gene expression was quantified relative to the value obtained from leaf samples without clip cage or aphid infestation (time point 0 h). Data was log2-transformed. Each bar represents the mean values of three or four biological replicates, each with two technical replicates. The actin gene was used as the reference gene. * indicates a significant difference in level of gene expression between the GPA treated sample and the GPA-free (empty clip cage) sample at that time points (T-test, P < 0.05). Each bar represents the mean values ± SD