Table 2.
Multivariate analysis of factors predicting overall survival
| Factors | Univariate (P-value) |
Multivariate (P-value) |
Risk ratio | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex (male vs. female) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 2.26 | 1.43–3.65 |
| Age (≥70 years) | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 2.64 | 1.81–3.90 |
| PS (2 vs 0–1) | < 0.001 | 0.026 | 2.04 | 1.10–3.56 |
| Smoking | 0.002 | 0.257 | – | – |
| NLR (> 1.5) | 0.028 | 0.316 | – | – |
| Predicted post PFTa | 0.025 | 0.058 | – | – |
| Histology (other vs. adenocarcinoma) | 0.034 | 0.021 | 1.60 | 1.07–2.41 |
| Differentiation (m/p vs. well) | < 0.001 | 0.035 | 1.64 | 1.03–2.66 |
| Lymph-vascular invasion | 0.002 | 0.029 | 1.50 | 1.04–2.16 |
| Pathological stage (IB vs. IA) | < 0.001 | 0.006 | 1.68 | 1.16–2.45 |
| Postoperative complications | 0.024 | 0.449 | – | – |
| Preoperative comorbidities | ||||
| Hypertension | 0.829 | – | – | – |
| Diabetes mellitus | 0.496 | – | – | – |
| eGFR (< 70 mL/min/1.73 m2) | 0.022 | 0.890 | – | – |
| Child–Pugh classification (B or C) | 0.028 | 0.880 | – | – |
| Cardiac disease | 0.011 | 0.301 | – | – |
| Cerebral disease | 0.014 | 0.876 | – | – |
| Any prior tumors | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | 3.37 | 2.27–4.96 |
aPredicted postoperative values of FEV1.0 or DLCO < 40% are defined as high-risk for PFTs
PS performance status, NLR neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, PFT pulmonary function test, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, m/p moderate or poor