Table 1.
Characteristics of the sample
| N | Mean | SE | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Individual-level variables | ||||
| Age (years)a | 20,573 | 50.71 | 0.13 | 16,102 |
| Household equivalised income (monthly, £)a | 20,559 | 1726.22 | 17.34 | − 3748.61, 130,362.60 |
| Forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1%) | 16,347 | 92.46 | 0.13 | 22.07, 191.51 |
| Systolic blood pressure (SBP, mmHg) | 16,846 | 128.13 | 0.14 | 75.00, 226.00 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI, kg/m2) | 19,417 | 28.04 | 0.04 | 15.24, 59.64 |
| C-reactive protein (CRP, mg/L) | 11,825 | 2.08 | 0.02 | 0.20, 10.00 |
| Neighborhood-level variables | ||||
| Carstairs indexb | 4929 | 0.16 | 3.26 | −5.07, 15.27 |
| Sulphur dioxide (SO2, μg/m3)c | 4929 | 4.26 | 2.16 | 0.52, 19.14 |
| Particulate matter (PM10, μg/m3)c | 4929 | 15.63 | 2.05 | 9.30, 22.54 |
| Nitrogen dioxide (NO2, mg/m3)c | 4929 | 24.32 | 8.62 | 1.52, 60.36 |
| Carbon monoxide (CO, μg/m3)c | 4929 | 0.22 | 0.06 | 0.13, 0.56 |
| %Green space | 4929 | 57.28 | 27.51 | 0.00, 95.19 |
| Proximity to industrial facilitiesd | 4929 | 0.06 | 0.19 | 0.00, 1.00 |
aAge and household income values are based on the largest possible sample size
bBased on the following neighborhood characteristics: male unemployment, overcrowding, car ownership, and social class
cPopulation weighted, annual averages
dProportion of neighborhood residents living within 4 Km of a waste site and/or 1.6 Km from a metal processing/production site