Figure 8.

Representative conductive AFM image of a MTJ formed using PPD as the molecular linker and interfaced to a macroscopic metal electrode. (b) Representative I–V curves recorded at selected points across the MTJ: red line for measurements in close proximity to the macroscopic electrode and blue line for measurements at the far end from the macroscopic electrode. (c) Phase AFM image of the MTJ shown in (a). (d) Schematic representation of the conductive AFM measurements on the MTJs (reprinted from Zhu et al. [237] with permission).