Fig. 5. (A) CPE current (i at 1.1 V) and charge on an LbL-ITO treated with 8 Cu-3G/PLL/phosphate deposition cycles (surface area ∼ 1.4 cm²); (B) XPS analysis of N and Cu on the electrode after CPE and the same analysis on another LbL-ITO prepared analogously, but unused (numbers indicate relative contributions).