Table 3.

Descriptive statistics and bivariate associations of participant characteristics with Brief Fear of Movement (BFOM) scale as a dichotomous and ordinal variable^*

	Dichotomous variable			Ordinal variable
	Agree with 0 BFOM items (n = 81)	Agree with ≥1 BFOM items (n = 269)	P	Agree with 0 BFOM items (n = 81)	Agree with 1–2 BFOM items (n = 142)	Agree with 3–6 BFOM items (n = 127)	P	P, for trend across ordinal levels
Age, years	68.7 ± 8.0	64.2 ± 11.7	< 0.01	68.7 ± 8.0	65.1 ± 11.6	63.3 ± 11.8	< 0.01	< 0.01
Female	72.8	71.4	0.80	72.8	69.0	74.0	0.64	0.75
Nonwhite	21.5	27.8	0.27	21.5	23.7	32.5	0.15	0.07
Bachelor’s degree or postgraduate work	66.7	57.2	0.13	66.7	61.3	52.8	0.12	0.04
KOOS pain	67.2 ± 16.9	60.4 ± 18.1	< 0.01	67.2 ± 16.9	64.1 ± 16.6	56.2 ± 18.7	< 0.01	< 0.01
KOOS ADL	73.7 ± 18.1	64.7 ± 19.0	< 0.01	73.7 ± 8.1	68.7 ± 17.3	60.3 ± 19.9	< 0.01	< 0.01
Years with arthritis symptom	13.4 ± 10.9	13.0 ± 11.9	0.82	13.4 ± 10.9	13.8 ± 12.4	12.1 ± 11.3	0.49	0.47
PHQ-8	2.1 ± 2.2	4.3 ± 4.5	< 0.01	2.1 ± 2.2	3.1 ± 3.4	5.6 ± 5.1	< 0.01	< 0.01
≥1 fall in the previous 12 months	33.3	34.3	0.87	33.3	32.4	36.5	0.77	0.59
History of knee injury	45.7	51.3	0.38	45.7	50.0	52.8	0.61	0.33
Family history of knee problems	65.8	64.9	0.88	65.8	64.5	65.3	0.98	0.97
Self-Efficacy for Exercise scale	61.9 ± 18.3	54.6 ± 20.6	< 0.01	61.9 ± 8.3	58.1 ± 18.7	50.8 ± 22.0	< 0.01	< 0.01
Unilateral stand time, seconds	7.5 ± 3.4	7.2 ± 3.6	0.53	7.5 ± 3.4	7.3 ± 3.6	7.1 ± 3.6	0.78	0.48

^*Values are the mean ± SD or percentage, unless indicated otherwise.

Missing data: race information was missing in 12 participants, history of falls was missing for 1 participant, history of knee injury in family was missing for 3 participants, and measured unilateral stand time was missing for 2 participants. KOOS = Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score; ADL = activities of daily living; PHQ-8 = 8-item Patient Health Questionnaire.