Table 1.
Representative polymeric MNs for protein delivery.
| MN type | Polymer matrix | Protein drug |
|---|---|---|
| Coated MN | Carboxymethylcellulose | H1N1 hemagglutination [100]; recombinant trimeric soluble influenza hemagglutinin [98]; influenza virus-like particle [168] |
| Sucrose | Ovalbumin [112] | |
| Polysorbate 20 | Desmopressin [110]; parathyroid hormone [67,169] | |
| Sodium poly(styrene sulfonate) | Bovine pancreatic ribonuclease [119]; ovalbumin [170] | |
| Polyethylene/polyisobutylene | Ovalbumin [114] | |
| Carboxymethylcellulose/chitosan | Bovine serum albumin [171] | |
| Poly di(carboxylatophenoxy) phosphazene | Horseradish peroxidase [172]; goat-anti-mouse IgG [173]; hepatitis B surface antigen [115] | |
| Dissolvable/degradable MN | Carboxymethylcellulose/trehalose | Human growth hormone [42] |
| Carboxymethylcellulose | Bovine serum albumin [23]; lysozyme [23] | |
| Chitin | Tuberculin [174] | |
| Chondroitin sulfate | Erythropoietin [56,57]; heparin [175]; insulin [176,177] | |
| Chondroitin sulfate/dextran | Interferon-α [178] | |
| Dextran | Erythropoietin [179]; heparin [175]; human growth hormone [129,133]; desmopressin | |
| Dextrin/polypropylene | Insulin [66] | |
| Fibroin | Horseradish peroxidase [136] | |
| Galactose | Bovine serum albumin [64] | |
| Hyaluronic acid | Influenza hemagglutinin [180]; sumatriptan [60]; humanized monoclonal IgG1 [81] | |
| Maltose | Biotinylated anti-human IgG [75] | |
| Poly-L-lactic acid | Bovine serum albumin; HIV antigen [131]; glucagon-like peptide-1 [63,65] | |
| Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)/carboxymethylcellulose | Bovine serum albumin [5] | |
| Poly(methylvinylethercomaleic acid) | Insulin [130] | |
| Poly(vinyl alcohol) | Recombinant protective antigen; bovine serum albumin [99] | |
| Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) | Sulforhodamine B; inactivated influenza virus [12,24,181]; hemagglutinin protein [12]; ovalbumin [182] | |
| Starch/gelatin | Insulin [132]; leuprolide acetate [60] | |
| Silk/poly(acrylic acid) | Ovalbumin [135] | |
| Bioresponsive MN | Hyaluronic acid | Insulin [41,151]; anti-PD-1 antibody [166] |
| Hyaluronic acid/dextran | Anti-PD-1; anti-CTLA-4 antibody [157] | |
| Hyaluronic acid/poly(ethylene glycol) | Insulin [152,153] | |
| Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) | Common drugs [183] | |
| Alginate | Glucagon-like peptide-1 [63] |