Table 1. Foods that inhibit AhR activation. From Amakura et al [59].
Percent AhR Inhibition | |||
Category | Food Item | Receptor Binding Assay (Ah-I) (against 5 nM TCDD) | Luciferase Assay (CALUX) (against 1 nM TCDD) |
Whole Foods | |||
Green tea | ~50% | ~25% | |
Broccoli | ~75% | ~25% | |
Komatsuna | ~90% | ~25% | |
Lettuce | ~60% | ~25% | |
Shungiku | ~55% | ~25% | |
Spinach | ~75% | ~40% | |
Grapefruit | ~70% | ~25% | |
Lemon | ~60% | ~25% | |
Lime | ~50% | ~50% | |
Orange | ~80% | ~30% | |
Apple | ~50% | n/a | |
Asparagus | n/a | ~20% | |
Carrot | ~15% | ~12.5% | |
Cucumber | ~37.5% | n/a | |
Eggplant | ~30% | n/a | |
Green pepper | ~25% | n/a | |
Pumpkin | ~25% | n/a | |
Radish | ~20% | n/a | |
American cherry | n/a | n/a | |
Avocado | ~15% | n/a | |
Kiwi fruit | ~30% | n/a | |
Loquat | ~15% | n/a | |
Papaya | ~37.5% | n/a | |
Philippine mango | n/a | n/a | |
Strawberry | ~37.5% | n/a | |
Herbals | |||
Basil | ~25% | ~10% | |
Chinese sweet tea | ~50% | ~25% | |
Cinnamon | ~25% | ~5% | |
Clove | ~75% | ~25% | |
Coffee | ~70% | ~5% | |
Guava leaf | ~75% | ~37.5% | |
Lavender | ~55% | ~20% | |
Oolong tea | ~60% | ~25% | |
Oregano | ~37.5% | n/a | |
Peppermint | ~80% | ~25% | |
Rosemary | ~60% | n/a | |
Sage | ~85% | ~85% | |
Tea | ~37.5% | ~25% |