Figure 1. Experimental Protocol.
Following baseline data collection, swine were subjected to a 60-min intravenous infusion of PE (300 μg/min) and studied for 3 h (Protocol A; n = 5) or 24 h (Protocol B; n = 8). Serial blood sampling from the carotid artery and coronary sinus was performed at selected time points, along with assessment of hemodynamic parameters, left ventricular function, and myocardial perfusion. Following euthanasia, the heart was excised for gross assessment of infarction and histopathological quantification of myocyte apoptosis. ADO = adenosine; PE = phenylephrine; TTC = triphenyltetrazolium chloride; TUNEL = terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labeling.