Table 1.
Provider and Patient Demographics
| Demographic variables | Intervention (%) n=110 |
Usual care (%) n=111 |
Total (%) N=221 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Provider | |||
| Female | 65 (59.1) | 66 (59.5) | 131 (59.3) |
| Male | 45 (40.9) | 45 (40.5) | 90 (40.7) |
| Faculty | 35 (31.8) | 40 (36) | 75 (33.9) |
| Resident/Fellow | 69 (62.7) | 65 (58.6) | 134 (60.6) |
| Other (NP) | 9 (8.2) | 6 (5.4) | 15 (6.8) |
| Mean % clinical effort | 11.5 | 13.5 | 12.5 |
| Patient | n=412 | n=549 | N=961a |
| Age, years (Mean) | 51 | 50 | 50.4 |
| Female | 139 (33.9) | 195 (35.7) | 334 (34.9) |
| Race/Ethnicityb | |||
| White | 118 (28.1) | 202 (37.2) | 320 (33.5) |
| African American | 160 (38.9) | 216 (39.7) | 376 (39.4) |
| Hispanic/Latino | 89 (21.6) | 81(14.9) | 170 (17.8) |
| Asian/PI | 24 (5.8) | 17 (3.1) | 41 (4.3) |
| Native American | 4 (1.0) | 9 (1.6) | 13 (1.4) |
| Other | 16 (3.9) | 18 (3.3) | 34 (3.6) |
| Education | |||
| High school or less | 195 (48.3) | 274 (51.2) | 469 (49.9) |
| Some college | 136 (33.7) | 176 (32.9) | 312 (33.2) |
| College degree | 73 (18.1) | 85 (15.9) | 158 (16.8) |
| Health insurance type | |||
| HMO/PPO | 30 (7.4) | 27 (5.0) | 57 (6.0) |
| Medicaid | 234 (58.1) | 330 (60.1) | 564 (59.6) |
| Medicare | 80 (19.8) | 118 (21.7) | 198 (20.9) |
| Uninsured | 4 (1.0) | 3 (0.6) | 7 (0.7) |
| Other | 55 (13.6) | 65 (12.0) | 120 (12.7) |
| Smoking status, Mean (SD) | |||
| Current cigarettes daily | 10.7 (8.4) | 10.2 (9.6) | 10.4 |
| Number of years smoked in lifetime | 27.7 (14.4) | 28 (14.2) | 27.9 |
| Time to first cigarette (%)c | |||
| <30 minutes | 165 (55.9) | 251 (59.6) | 416 (58.1) |
| Readiness to quit (%) | |||
| Pre-contemplation | 46 (15.6) | 70 (16.6) | 116 (12.1) |
| Contemplation | 131 (44.4) | 184 (43.7) | 315 (44.0) |
| Preparation | 88 (29.8) | 110 (26.1) | 198 (27.6) |
| Action | 12 (4.1) | 24 (5.7) | 36 (5.0) |
| Don’t know/Refused | 18 (6.1) | 33 (7.8) | 51 (7.1) |
a
Sample size varied slightly per item due to missing data.
b
No significant differences between intervention and usual care after adjusting for provider clusters. Wald Chi square test: F(5, 205)=1.98, p=0.0829.
c
Assessed after the primary care visit for the usual care group.
PPO, Preferred provider organization