Table 1. . Select studies of newer targeted therapies and immunotherapies in brain metastases.
| Cancer type | Mutation status | Study (year) | Intervention (dose in mg, p.o. unless otherwise specified) | PFS in months (95% CI) | CNS response rate (partial or complete) | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NSCLC | EGFR | Jänne et al. (2015) | Osimertinib (20–240 mg q.d.) | 9.6 (8.3 to not reached) in T790M-positive patients; 2.8 months (2.1–4.3) in T790M-negative patients |
– | [43] |
| He (2015) | Rociletinib (Free base 900 mg b.i.d. or with hydrogen bromide salt) | 13.1 (5.4–13.1) in T790M-positive tumors; 5.6 (1.3–not reached) in T790M-negative patients |
– | [42] | ||
| Porta et al. (2011) | Erlotinib (150 mg q.d.) | 2.9 (2.3–3.5) | 82.40% | [52] | ||
| ALK | Shaw et al. (2014) | Ceritinib (400 mg q.d.) | 7.0 (5.6–9.5) | – | [65] | |
| Shaw et al. (2016) | Alectinib (600 mg b.i.d.) | 8.1 (6.2–12.6) | 75% | [72] | ||
| Unspecified | Sandler et al. (2006) | Bevacizumab (15 mg/kg iv.) + paclitaxel- carboplatin (200 mg/m2 to 6 mg/ml/min iv.) | 6.2 (0.57–0.77) | – | [75] | |
| Breast | HER2 | Swain et al. (2014) | Pertuzumab (840 mg) + trastuzumab (429 mg) + docetaxel (8 mg/kg) | 15 (0.39–0.85) | – | [101] |
| Lin et al. (2009) | Lapatinib (1250 mg) + capecitabine (2000 mg/m2) | – | 20% | [107] | ||
| Burstein et al. (2010) | Neratinib (240 mg q.d.) | 3.1 (not reported) | – | [111] | ||
| TNBC | Anders et al. (2010) | Olaparib (400 mg b.i.d.) | 5.7 (4.6–7.4) | – | [115] | |
| Melanoma | BRAF | Long et al. (2012) | Dabrafinib (150 mg b.i.d.) | 16.6 (15.7–21.9) | 39.2% (in treatment-naive patients) | [130] |
| PD-L1 expression | Larkin et al. (2015) | Ipilimumab (3 mg/kg every 3 weeks per cycle) + nivolumab (1 mg/kg every 3 weeks per cycle) | 11.5 (4.3–9.5) | – | [136] | |
| Unspecified | Goldberg et al. (2016) | Pembrolizumab (10 mg/kg) | – | 22% | [148] | |
PFS was focused in this analysis, since many of the trials mentioned did not have mature enough data to comment on overall survival.
ALK: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase; b.i.d.: Twice daily; HER2: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; iv.: Intravenously; NSCLC: Non-small-cell lung cancer; PD-L1: Programmed death-ligand 1; PFS: Progression-free survival; p.o.: By mouth; q.d.: Once daily; TNBC: Triple-negative breast cancer.