Table 3.
Medication use in EA and AA patients with resistant hypertension (cases) and controlled hypertension (controls)
| Variable | EA | AA | EA versus AA | |||||
| Case (n=13 541) | Control (n=6933) | P values | Case (n=3541) | Control (n=891) | P values | Case P values | Control P values | |
| Thiazide/CCB, n (%) | 13 541 (100%) | 1167 (16.8%) | <0.001 | 3541 (100%) | 292 (32.8%) | <0.001 | 1.0 | <0.001 |
| ACE inhibitor, n (%) | 6999 (51.7%) | 2439 (35.2%) | <0.001 | 1916 (54.1%) | 264 (29.6%) | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.003 |
| ARB, n (%) | 5178 (38.2%) | 728 (10.5%) | <0.001 | 1161 (32.8%) | 54 (6.1%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| BB, n (%) | 8697 (64.2%) | 1803 (26.0%) | <0.001 | 1996 (56.4%) | 152 (17.1%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Alpha-2 agonist, n (%) | 1921 (14.2%) | 140 (2.0%) | <0.001 | 736 (20.8%) | 29 (3.3%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.04 |
| CCB, n (%) | 9272 (68.5%) | 615 (8.9%) | <0.001 | 2625 (74.1%) | 144 (16.2%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Amlodipine, n (%) | 6759 (49.9%) | 318 (4.6%) | <0.001 | 1749 (49.4%) | 90 (10.1%) | <0.001 | 0.74 | <0.001 |
| DHP CCB, n (%) | 1508 (11.1%) | 75 (1.1%) | <0.001 | 585 (16.5%) | 27 (3.0%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Non-DHP CCB, n (%) | 1005 (7.4%) | 222 (3.2%) | <0.001 | 291 (8.2%) | 27 (3.0%) | <0.001 | 0.18 | 0.84 |
| Thiazide Diuretic, n (%) | 8812 (65.1%) | 774 (11.2%) | <0.001 | 2319 (65.5%) | 175 (19.6%) | <0.001 | 0.76 | <0.001 |
| Aldosterone antagonist, n (%) | 854 (6.3%) | 57 (0.8%) | <0.001 | 240 (6.8%) | 8 (0.9%) | <0.001 | 0.43 | 0.85 |
| Non-thiazide Diuretic, n (%) | 4271 (31.5%) | 326 (4.7%) | <0.001 | 1190 (33.6%) | 56 (6.3%) | <0.001 | 0.04 | 0.08 |
| Furosemide, n (%) | 3114 (23.0%) | 254 (3.7%) | <0.001 | 874 (24.7%) | 44 (4.9%) | <0.001 | 0.07 | 0.10 |
| Triamterene, n (%) | 1155 (8.5%) | 45 (0.7%) | <0.001 | 352 (9.9%) | 11 (1.2%) | <0.001 | 0.02 | 0.09 |
| Torsemide, n (%) | 176 (1.3%) | 17 (0.2%) | <0.001 | 23 (0.7%) | 1 (0.1%) | 0.06 | 0.004 | 0.57 |
| Bumetanide, n (%) | 141 (1.0%) | 8 (0.1%) | <0.001 | 28 (0.8%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.01 | 0.28 | 0.43 |
| Amiloride, n (%) | 32 (0.2%) | 1 (0.0%) | <0.001 | 10 (0.3%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.12 | 0.75 | 0.79 |
| Ethacrynic acid, n (%) | 11 (0.1%) | 1 (0.0%) | 0.07 | 7 (0.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.19 | 0.10 | 0.79 |
| Vasodilator, n (%) | 903 (6.7%) | 17 (0.3%) | <0.001 | 422 (11.9%) | 2 (0.2%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.93 |
| Minoxidil, n (%) | 161 (1.2%) | 2 (0.0%) | <0.001 | 101 (2.9%) | 0 (0.0%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.75 |
| Hydralazine, n (%) | 742 (5.5%) | 15 (0.2%) | <0.001 | 321 (9.1%) | 2 (0.2%) | <0.001 | <0.001 | 0.96 |
| Alpha antagonist, n (%) | 626 (4.6%) | 33 (0.5%) | <0.001 | 139 (3.9%) | 7 (0.8%) | <0.001 | 0.12 | 0.33 |
| Renin inhibitor, n (%) | 275 (2.0%) | 1 (0.0%) | <0.001 | 43 (1.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.001 | 0.004 | 0.79 |
| Misc antihtn, n (%) | 3 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0.21 | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1.0 | 0.51 | 1.0 |
P values were adjusted to control for false discovery rate.
AA, African-American; ARB, angiotensin II receptor blocker; BB, beta blocker; CCB, calcium channel blocker; DHP, dihydropyridine; EA, European-American; Misc antihtn, miscellaneous antihypertensive.