Table 2.
Group differences1 in ideal portion size (Mean kcal ± SEM) selected by children at age 6 years, and differences in measures2 of anthropometry, stratified by EAH intake at ages 4.5 and 6 years.
| Ideal portion size (kcal) | Age 4.5 years | Age 6 years | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No EAH | EAH | No EAH | EAH | |
| Bao | 231.4 ± 37.3 | 395.9 ± 31.9*** | 266.0 ± 58.8 | 359.7 ± 28.2 |
| Rice porridge | 215.7 ± 36.0 | 288.6 ± 25.6 | 224.2 ± 51.5 | 272.8 ± 22.8 |
| Garlic bread | 286.8 ± 42.4 | 300.0 ± 27.7 | 277.8 ± 73.2 | 297.1 ± 24.4 |
| Mac & Cheese | 288.8 ± 35.0 | 379.3 ± 29.6a | 407.0 ± 63.7 | 348.5 ± 25.3 |
| Salad | 124.6 ± 25.9 | 161.9 ± 19.4 | 123.0 ± 26.0 | 154.5 ± 17.4 |
| Pizza | 325.2 ± 48.4 | 441.6 ± 31.1* | 390. 0 ± 69.9 | 418.7 ± 28.5 |
| Prata | 259.5 ± 29.2 | 294.7 ± 21.4 | 275.0 ± 34.6 | 286.2 ± 19.1 |
| Fried rice | 208.4 ± 31.7 | 302.2 ± 24.9* | 268.0 ± 45.2 | 278.5 ± 22.1 |
| Mean portion | 244.0 ± 22.1 | 329.7 ± 16.8** | 275.9 ± 32.6 | 310.4 ± 15.1 |
| Anthropometry | ||||
| BMIz | 0.18 ± 0.16 | 0.15 ±0.13 | -0.28 ± 0.51 | 0.08 ± 0.13 |
| Biceps (mm) | 7.1 ± 0.2 | 6.5 ± 0.4 | 6.1 ± 0.65 | 6.7 ± 0.28 |
| Triceps (mm) | 10.3 ± 0.5 | 10.3 ± 0.3 | 9.4 ± 1.1 | 10.9 ± 0.41 |
| Suprailiac (mm) | 6.8 ± 0.5 | 7.1 ± 0.4 | 6.4 ± 1.4 | 7.3 ± 0.49 |
| Subscapular (mm) | 7.6 ± 0.6 | 7.6 ± 0.3 | 7.8 ± 1.9 | 8.1 ± 0.5 |
| BAi | 31.6 ± 1.9 | 31.4 ± 1.2 | 29.3 ± 4.9 | 33.1 ± 1.6 |
| Mid-arm (cm) | 16.6 ± 0.3 | 17.1 ± 0.4 | 17.3 ± 0.6 | 17.8 ± 0.2 |
| Waist (cm) | 51.3 ± 0.5 | 51.8 ± 0.7 | 53.4 ± 2.0 | 54.4 ± 0.7 |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 0.49 ± 0.01 | 0.49 ±0.01 | 0.47 ± 0.01 | 0.47 ± 0.01 |
EAH: Eating in the absence of hunger; a=0.051; (t-tests)*p<0.05; **p<0.01, ***p<0.001
1
ANCOVA analyses adjusted for sex and BMI for group differences in ideal portion sizes and adjusted for sex and birth weight in analyses focused on child anthropometry collected at the same time-point as the EAH task.
2
All non-significant