Table 2.
Lifestyle/behavioural characteristics, stratified by daily consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and artificially sweetened beverages (ASB), of adults (n 9991) aged 30–64 years in the Fenland Study, Cambridgeshire, UK, 2005–2013
| SSB* | ASB* | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daily (n 2041) | Less than daily (n 7950) | P | Daily (n 893) | Less than daily (n 9098) | P | |
| BMI group (%) | ||||||
| <25·0 kg/m2 | 33·3 | 40·8 | 20·5 | 41·1 | ||
| ≥25·0 and <30·0 kg/m2 | 39·8 | 39·6 | 39·8 | 39·6 | ||
| ≥30·0 and <35·0 kg/m2 | 19·2 | 14·2 | 25·1 | 14·3 | ||
| ≥35·0 kg/m2 | 7·7 | 5·4 | <0·001 | 14·7 | 5·0 | <0·001 |
| Physical activity (PA; h/d) | ||||||
| Sedentary time, mean | 16·1 | 16·6 | <0·001 | 16·4 | 16·5 | 0·17 |
| sd | 2·5 | 2·4 | 2·4 | 2·4 | ||
| Light PA, mean | 6·0 | 5·7 | <0·001 | 6·0 | 5·8 | <0·001 |
| sd | 1·9 | 1·8 | 1·9 | 1·8 | ||
| Moderate or vigorous PA, mean | 1·9 | 1·7 | <0·001 | 1·6 | 1·7 | 0·004 |
| sd | 1·5 | 1·3 | 1·3 | 1·3 | ||
| Alcoholic beverages (servings/d), mean | 0·7 | 0·8 | <0·001 | 0·7 | 0·8 | 0·017 |
| sd | 1·0 | 1·1 | 1·1 | 1·1 | ||
| Mediterranean diet score, mean† | 6·4 | 6·7 | <0·001 | 6·4 | 6·7 | <0·001 |
| sd | 2·2 | 2·2 | 2·2 | 2·2 | ||
| Smoking, % | ||||||
| Current smoker | 13·1 | 12·8 | 14·2 | 12·7 | ||
| Ex-smoker | 32·0 | 32·4 | 34·4 | 32·1 | ||
| Never smoked | 54·0 | 53·5 | 0·22 | 50·3 | 54·0 | 0·19 |
| Anti-hypertensive drug use (%) | ||||||
| No | 68·1 | 65·7 | 67·5 | 66·0 | ||
| Yes | 7·8 | 7·5 | 9·1 | 7·4 | ||
| Unknown | 24·1 | 26·8 | 0·045 | 23·4 | 26·5 | 0·47 |
| Lipid-lowering drug use (%) | ||||||
| No | 97·0 | 96·8 | 96·2 | 96·9 | ||
| Yes | 3·0 | 3·1 | 3·8 | 3·0 | ||
| Unknown | <0·1 | 0·0 | 0·47 | <0·1 | 0·0 | 0·40 |
| On weight-reducing diet (%)‡ | ||||||
| Yes | 6·2 | 5·4 | 15·0 | 4·6 | ||
| No | 93·8 | 94·6 | 0·14 | 85·0 | 95·4 | <0·001 |
| Eating breakfast (%) | ||||||
| Never/rarely | 11·5 | 9·5 | 13·4 | 9·6 | ||
| 1–2 times/week | 10·3 | 8·3 | 11·8 | 8·4 | ||
| 3–5 times/week | 11·9 | 11·0 | 13·7 | 10·9 | ||
| >5 times/week | 66·2 | 71·1 | <0·001 | 61·1 | 71·0 | <0·001 |
| Eating home-delivery/takeaway meals (%)§ | ||||||
| Never/rarely | 60·7 | 70·2 | 57·5 | 69·3 | ||
| 1–2 times/week | 33·1 | 23·6 | 36·6 | 24·4 | ||
| ≥3 times/week | 6·1 | 6·0 | <0·001 | 5·7 | 6·0 | <0·001 |
| Eating ready-made meals (%)§ | ||||||
| Never/rarely | 53·3 | 58·9 | 50·3 | 58·5 | ||
| 1–2 times/week | 40·0 | 35·2 | 42·0 | 35·6 | ||
| ≥3 times/week | 6·4 | 5·6 | <0·001 | 7·4 | 5·6 | <0·001 |
| Eating home-cooked meals (%)§ | ||||||
| ≤2 times/week | 7·3 | 6·2 | 10·0 | 6·1 | ||
| 3–5 times/week | 38·9 | 31·6 | 40·9 | 32·3 | ||
| >5 times/week | 53·8 | 62·1 | <0·001 | 49·2 | 61·5 | <0·001 |
| Eating outside the home (%)§ | ||||||
| Less than once/week | 70·5 | 68·0 | 66·7 | 68·7 | ||
| Once/week | 22·0 | 23·5 | 25·2 | 23·0 | ||
| ≥2 times/week | 7·5 | 8·5 | 0·14 | 8·0 | 8·3 | 0·49 |
| Eating meals while watching television (%)§ | ||||||
| Less than once/week | 28·9 | 34·0 | 25·0 | 33·8 | ||
| Once/week | 12·5 | 12·4 | 10·9 | 12·6 | ||
| 2–4 times/week | 27·2 | 25·1 | 28·0 | 25·3 | ||
| ≥5 times/week | 31·2 | 28·2 | <0·001 | 36·1 | 28·1 | <0·001 |
| Eating snack foods while watching television (%)§ | ||||||
| Never/rarely | 22·2 | 32·2 | 17·9 | 31·3 | ||
| Occasionally | 62·9 | 56·6 | 62·6 | 57·4 | ||
| Usually/always | 15·0 | 11·1 | <0·001 | 19·5 | 11·2 | <0·001 |
Values are mean and sd for continuous variables and proportions for categorical variables. P values were computed by crude logistic regression analysis relating daily consumption of SSB or ASB (yes or no) to each characteristic.
Mediterranean diet score was an 18-point scale representing adherence to the Mediterranean diet, used as a marker of diet quality.
Participants were considered to be on a weight-reducing diet if they responded that they were on any of the following diets: ‘Weight Watchers’, ‘Slimming World’, low-fat diet, low-carbohydrate diet (e.g. ‘Atkins diet’).
Missing information among <5 % of adults is not presented.