Table 2.
Multivariable Cox regression for analyzing the mortality among primary prostate cancer patients with BM (diagnosed 2010–2013)
| Subject characteristics | No. of PC patients with BM
|
Survival, Median (IQR), mo | Cox HR (95% CI) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall | Deceased (rate, %) | ||||
| Age, in years | 1.43 (1.33–1.53) | <0.001 | |||
| ≤40 | 11 | 7 (63.64) | 27 (12.81–41.19) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| 41–60 | 1,748 | 839 (48.00) | 35 (32.65–37.35) | 0.58 (0.14–2.32) | 0.44 |
| 61–80 | 5,521 | 2,958 (53.58) | 27 (25.87–28.14) | 0.70 (0.18–2.83) | 0.62 |
| ≥81 | 2,645 | 1,936 (73.19) | 14 (13.12–14.88) | 1.17 (0.29–4.71) | 0.82 |
| Race | 1.02 (0.99–1.05) | 0.13 | |||
| White | 7,464 | 4,388 (58.79) | 23 (22.14–23.86) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Black | 1,790 | 1,037 (57.93) | 24 (22.37–25.63) | 1.13 (1.01–1.26) | 0.03 |
| AI | 68 | 44 (64.70) | 23 (12.42–33.58) | 0.73 (0.58–0.91) | 0.01 |
| API | 534 | 250 (46.82) | 34 (28.99–39.02) | 0.77 (0.40–1.48) | 0.43 |
| Unknown | 69 | 21 (30.43) | NA | NA | NA |
| Marital status | |||||
| Unmarried | 3,859 | 2,403 (62.27) | 20 (18.94–21.06) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Married | 5,433 | 3,000 (55.22) | 27 (25.92–28.08) | 0.81 (0.74–0.89) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 633 | 337 (53.24) | NA | NA | NA |
| T Stage | 1.04 (0.99–1.08) | 0.12 | |||
| T1 | 2,155 | 1,042 (48.35) | 32 (29.80–34.21) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| T2 | 2,769 | 1,492 (53.88) | 28 (26.18–29.82) | 0.94 (0.85–1.03) | 0.19 |
| T3 | 837 | 400 (47.79) | 34 (30.48–37.52) | 0.85 (0.74–0.98) | 0.03 |
| T4 | 1,105 | 726 (65.70) | 19 (17.20–20.81) | 1.23 (1.07–1.41) | 0.003 |
| Unknown | 3,059 | 2,080 (68.00) | NA | NA | NA |
| N Stage | |||||
| N0 | 5,272 | 2,829 (53.66) | 28 (26.67–29.33) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| N1 | 2,156 | 1,227 (56.91) | 25 (23.38–26.62) | 1.11 (1.01–1.23) | 0.036 |
| Unknown | 2,497 | 1,684 (67.44) | NA | NA | NA |
| Gleason grade | 1.26 (1.20–1.32) | <0.001 | |||
| 1 | 193 | 72 (37.30) | NA | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| 2 | 381 | 155 (40.68) | 48 (40.20–55.80) | 1.12 (0.79–1.57) | 0.52 |
| 3 | 536 | 202 (37.69) | 54 (NR) | 1.22 (0.88–1.69) | 0.23 |
| 4 | 1,488 | 672 (45.16) | 37 (34.33–39.68) | 1.32 (0.98–1.78) | 0.07 |
| 5 | 3,351 | 1,871 (55.83) | 26 (24.75–27.25) | 2.03 (1.52–2.72) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 3,976 | 2,798 (70.37) | NA | NA | NA |
| Lung Met | |||||
| None | 8,694 | 4,912 (56.50) | 25 (24.15–25.85) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 687 | 471 (68.56) | 15 (13.00–17.00) | 1.43 (1.20–1.71) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 544 | 357 (64.44) | NA | NA | NA |
| Liver Met | |||||
| None | 9,084 | 5,118 (56.34) | 25 (24.17–25.83) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 388 | 321 (82.73) | 10 (8.44–11.56) | 2.51 (2.05–3.09) | <0.001 |
| Unknown | 453 | 301 (66.45) | NA | NA | NA |
| Brain Met | |||||
| None | 9,257 | 5,280 (57.04) | 25 (24.19–25.81) | 1 (Reference) | 1.00 |
| Yes | 133 | 99 (74.44) | 11 (8.05–13.95) | 1.80 (1.16–2.78) | 0.01 |
| Unknown | 535 | 361 (67.48) | NA | NA | NA |
Note: All factors with Unknown Data removed from Cox and Kaplan–Meier model.
Abbreviations: PC, prostate cancer; BM, bone metastases; AI, American Indian/Alaska Native; API, Asian or Pacific Islander; Met, metastases; NA, not available; NR, not reached.