Table 1. Comparisons of sleep and sleep-related parameters between HR and LR mattress topper use (study I).

SPT

TST

SL

REM latency

SE1 (TST/SPT)

%stage1 (/TST)

%stage2 (/TST)

%stage34 (/TST)

%stageREM (/TST)

HR

470.85±2.50

428.60±17.27

7.05±2.12

75.80±14.43

91.01±3.61

8.29±0.50

56.63±1.81

11.32±1.15

23.81±2.08

LR

470.90±2.61

443.00±7.74

9.10±2.61

93.65±17.73

94.11±1.79

8.83±0.76

52.84±2.41

12.65±1.23

25.68±2.60

p-value

0.84

0.64

0.46

0.07

0.81

0.64

0.16

0.18

0.40

SE2 (TST/TIB)

%stageWAKE (/SPT)

%stage1 (/SPT)

%stage2 (SPT)

%stage34 (/SPT)

%stageREM (/SPT)

arousal index

Roll over during sleep

wake (s) after rolling over

HR

89.29±3.60

9.45±3.70

7.53±0.54

51.06±1.43

10.24±1.07

22.23±2.39

4.65±0.64

3.00±0.93

30.50±7.27

LR

92.28±1.62

5.88±1.79

8.24±0.63

49.70±2.28

11.81±1.03

24.38±2.57

4.33±0.38

3.60±1.12

39.10±13.31

p-value

0.60

0.14

0.31

0.94

0.12

0.43

0.70

0.26

0.77

VASS

SSS

VASP

SSS2

VASP2

GH

LF/HF

HR

7.27±0.60

2.60±0.22

7.59±0.42

1.20±0.13

8.97±0.35

7.73±1.19

5.09±0.16

LR

5.93±0.75

2.60±0.16

6.51±0.66

1.30±0.15

8.35±0.63

7.25±1.03

4.69±0.30

p-value

0.07

0.93

0.05

0.34

0.11

0.58

0.26

PVT Mean RT

PVT Median RT

PVT Minimum RT

PVT Maximum RT

Lapses (RT > 500ms)

HR

235.2±6.4

221.6±6.0

161.8±5.0

512.7±43.0

0.60±0.22

LR

236.8±8.6

225.2±8.0

163.5±5.4

462.6±37.8

0.30±0.21

p-value

0.93

0.71

0.90

0.38

0.08

SPT, total sleep period (sleep period time); TST, total sleep time; SL, sleep latency; SE1, sleep efficiency; SE2, sleep efficiency; VASS, visual analogue scale sleep; VASP, visual analogue scale performance; SSS, Stanford sleepiness scale; GH, growth hormone; LF, heart rate variability low-frequency; HF, heart rate variability high-frequency; RT, reaction time. Statistical significance was evaluated by paired t-test.