Table 1. GGCMs participating in the study, model type and key references, as well as nutrients considered in crop model simulations (N: nitrogen, P: phosphorus, K: potassium).

Crop model	Model type	Key literature	Nutrients considered
CLM-Crop	Ecosystem Model	Drewniak, Song [23]	N
EPIC-BOKU	Site-based process model (based on EPIC)	EPIC v0810—Williams [24], Izaurralde, Williams [25]	NPK
EPIC-IIASA	Site-based process model (based on EPIC)	EPIC v0810—Williams [24], Izaurralde, Williams [25]	NP
EPIC-TAMU	Site-based process model (based on EPIC)	EPIC v1102—Izaurralde, McGill [26]	NPK
GEPIC	Site-based process model (based on EPIC)	EPIC v0810—Williams [24], Liu, Williams [27]; Folberth, Gaiser [28]	NP
ORCHIDEE-crop	Ecosystem Model	Wu, Vuichard [29]	N
pAPSIM	Site-based process model	APSIM v7.5—Elliott, Kelly [30], Keating, Carberry [31]	NP
pDSSAT	Site-based process model	pDSSAT v1.0—Elliott, Kelly [30]; DSSAT v4.5—Jones, Hoogenboom [32]	NP
PEGASUS	Ecosystem model	v1.1—Deryng, Conway [33], v1.0—Deryng, Sacks [34]	NPK
PEPIC	Site-based process model (based on EPIC)	EPIC v0810—Liu, Yang [35], Liu, Yang [36], Williams [24]	NP