Table 1.
Wind chill Temperature and Air Temperature Effects on CVD Emergency Department Visits in Winter (December – February) from 2005 to 2013 in New York State
| Lag 0 | Lag 1 | Lag 2 | Lag 3 | Lag 4 | Lag 5 | Lag 6 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR * (95% CI†) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |
| Wind chill Temperature | |||||||
| −34.4°C (−30°F) — | 0.93 (0.89,0.96) | 0.96 (0.93,1.00) | 1.02 (0.99,1.06) | 1.02 (0.98,1.06) | 1.02 (0.98,1.06) | 1.01 (0.97,1.08) | 1.04 (1.00,1.08) |
| −31.6°C (−25°F) — | 0.92 (0.89,0.95) | 0.95 (0.92,0.98) | 0.97 (0.94,1.00) | 0.99 (0.96,1.03) | 1.02 (0.98,1.05) | 1.01 (0.98,1.05) | 1.05 (1.02,1.09) |
| −28.8°C (−20°F) — | 0.92 (0.89,0.94) | 0.97 (0.94,0.99) | 1.01 (0.98,1.03) | 1.01 (0.98,1.04) | 0.98 (0.96,1.01) | 1.04 (1.01,1.07) | 1.02 (1.00,1.05) |
| −26.1 °C (−15°F) — | 0.93 (0.91,0.95) | 0.95 (0.93,0.97) | 0.98 (0.96,1.00) | 0.98 (0.96,1.00) | 0.99 (0.97,1.01) | 1.01 (0.99,1.04) | 1.02 (1.00,1.04) |
| −23.3°C (−10°F) — | 0.94 (0.93,0.96) | 0.97 (0.95,0.99) | 1.00 (0.98,1.02) | 0.98 (0.96,1.00) | 1.03 (1.01,1.05) | 1.01 (0.99,1.03) | 1.03 (1.01,1.05) |
| −20.5°C (−5°F) — | 0.93 (0.91,0.94) | 0.97 (0.95,0.98) | 0.99 (0.97,1.00) | 1.00 (0.99,1.02) | 1.03 (1.01,1.04) | 1.02 (1.00,1.03) | 1.03 (1.01,1.04) |
| −17.7°C (0°F) — | 0.94 (0.93,0.95) | 0.97 (0.96,0.98) | 1.00 (0.99,1.01) | 1.00 (0.99,1.01) | 1.01 (0.99,1.02) | 1.01 (1.00,1.02) | 1.02 (1.01,1.04) |
| −15°C (5°F) — | 0.94 (0.93,0.95) | 0.97 (0.96,0.98) | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) | 1.00 (0.99,1.01) | 1.01 (1.00,1.02) | 1.02 (1.01,1.03) | 1.02 (1.00,1.03) |
| −12.2°C (10°F) − | 0.95 (0.95,0.96) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) | 1.00 (0.99,1.01) | 1.00 (0.99,1.01) | 1.01 (1.00,1.02) | 1.01 (1.00,1.02) | 1.02 (1.01,1.03) |
| −9.4°C (15°F) — | 0.97 (0.96,0.98) | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) | 1.00 (0.99,1.01) | 1.01 (1.00,1.01) | 1.01 (1.00,1.02) | 1.01 (1.00,1.02) | 1.01 (1.00,1.02) |
| −6.6°C (20°F) — | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) | 1.00 (1.00,1.01) | 1.01 (1.00,1.02) | 1.01 (1.00,1.02) | 1.01 (1.00,1.02) | 1.01 (1.00,1.02) | 1.01 (1.00,1.02) |
| −3.8°C (25°F) — | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
| Air temperature | |||||||
| −23.3°C (−10°F) — | 0.84 (0.79,0.89) | 0.94 (0.89,1.00) | 0.98 (0.92,1.03) | 1.00 (0.94,1.06) | 0.97 (0.92,1.02) | 0.99 (0.93,1.04) | 0.98 (0.92,1.03) |
| −20.5°C (−5°F) — | 0.91 (0.87,0.94) | 0.91 (0.88,0.95) | 0.98 (0.94,1.01) | 1.00 (0.96,1.04) | 1.02 (0.98,1.05) | 0.97 (0.93,1.00) | 0.99 (0.96,1.03) |
| 17.7°C (0°F) — | 0.88 (0.86,0.91) | 0.93 (0.91,0.96) | 0.95 (0.93,0.98) | 0.99 (0.97,1.02) | 0.98 (0.96,1.01) | 1.02 (0.99,1.04) | 1.01 (0.98,1.04) |
| −15°C (5°F) — | 0.89 (0.87,0.91) | 0.96 (0.94,0.97) | 0.98 (0.97,1.00) | 0.97 (0.95,0.99) | 1.00 (0.98,1.02) | 1.00 (0.98,1.02) | 1.01 (0.99,1.03) |
| −12.2°C (10°F) — | 0.92 (0.91,0.93) | 0.94 (0.93,0.95) | 0.96 (0.95,0.97) | 0.97 (0.95,0.98) | 1.00 (0.98,1.01) | 0.99 (0.98,1.01) | 1.00 (0.98,1.01) |
| −9.4°C (15°F) — | 0.91 (0.90,0.92) | 0.95 (0.94,0.97) | 0.97 (0.96,0.98) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) | 0.97 (0.96,0.98) | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) |
| −6.6°C (20°F) — | 0.92 (0.91,0.93) | 0.96 (0.95,0.97) | 0.97 (0.96,0.98) | 0.97 (0.96,0.98) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) |
| −3.8°C (25°F) — | 0.94 (0.93,0.95) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) | 0.98 (0.98,0.99) | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) |
| −1.1°C (30°F) — | 0.96 (0.95,0.97) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) |
| 1.6 °C(35°F) — | 0.98 (0.97,0.98) | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) |
| 4.4°C (40°F) — | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) | 1.00 (0.99,1.01) | 1.00 (0.99,1.01) | 0.99(0.98,1.00) | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) | 0.99 (0.98,1.00) | 0.98 (0.97,0.99) |
| 7.2°C (45°F) — | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) | 1.00 (Referent) |
*
OR = odds ratio;
†
CI =confidence interval.
Note: ORs were adjusted for particulate matter less than 2.5μm.