Table 1.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of the study population.

	Pregnant women with an IUD (n=58)	Pregnant women without an IUD (n=139)	p value
Age (years)	29.0 (24.5–34.0)	23.0 (20.0–27.0)	<0.001
Body Mass Index (kg/m2)	26.2 (23.7–29.8)	24.7 (21.1–32.4)	0.26
Gravidity	2.0 (1.0–3.0)	3.0 (2.0–4.0)	<0.001
Nulliparity	0 (0%)	57 (41.0%)	<0.001
Ethnicity
African-American	1 (1.7%)	126 (90.6%)	<0.001
Caucasian	0 (0%)	10 (7.2%)	0.03
Hispanic	57 (98.3%)	1 (0.7%)	<0.001
Other	0 (0%)	2 ((1.4%)	1.00
Gestational age at amniocentesis (weeks)	24.9 (21.9–29.5)	29.4 (24.6–32.0)	<0.001
Gestational age at delivery (weeks)	28.9 (24.9–33.2)	34.4 (28.4–37.9)	<0.001
Birthweight (kg)	1.51 (0.827–2.21)	2.29 (1.15–2.85)	0.01
Sterile intra-amniotic inflammation	16 (27.6%)	24 (17.3%)	0.12
Without intra-amniotic infection/inflammation	12 (20.7%)	90 (64.7%)	<0.001

IUD: Intrauterine contraceptive device; IL: interleukin.

Values are expressed as median (interquartile range) or number (percentage).

Candida intra-amniotic infection: Identification of Candida species in the amniotic fluid by culture.

Mixed infection intra-amniotic infection: Identification of Candida species and non-fungal microorganism(s) by culture.

Sterile inflammation: Amniotic fluid IL-6 ≥2.6 ng/mL and negative amniotic fluid culture result.

Sterile without inflammation: Amniotic fluid IL-6 <2.6 ng/mL and negative amniotic fluid culture result.

The Mann Whitney U test was used for continuous variables; the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests for categorical variables.