Table 1.
Characteristics of the treatment group at baseline
| Characteristic | Group A (n = 109) | Group B (n = 108) | Group C (n = 108) | P |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, mean (SD), y | 64.9 (9.1) | 66.0 (9.2) | 66.0 (9.3) | .5871 |
| Education distribution, n (%) | .4380 | |||
| 41–50 | 5 (4.6) | 5 (4.6) | 4 (3.7) | |
| 51–60 | 34 (31.2) | 33 (30.6) | 32 (29.6) | |
| 61–70 | 45 (41.23) | 30 (27.8) | 35 (32.4) | |
| 71–80 | 20 (18.6) | 35 (32.4) | 30 (27.8) | |
| 81–90 | 5 (4.6) | 5 (4.6) | 7 (6.5) | |
| Female, n (%) | 42 (38.5) | 39 (36.1) | 29 (26.9) | .1591 |
| Education, mean (SD), y | 9.9 (3.4) | 9.6 (3.5) | 9.8 (3.5) | .7823 |
| Education distribution, n (%) | .8478 | |||
| Primary school | 29 (26.9) | 26 (23.9) | 28 (25.9) | |
| Middle school | 32 (29.6) | 32 (29.3) | 33 (30.6) | |
| High school | 32 (29.6) | 34 (31.2) | 29 (26.9) | |
| College | 15 (13.9) | 17 (15.6) | 18 (16.7) | |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 93 (85.3) | 94 (87.0) | 87 (80.6) | .3981 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 16 (14.7) | 10 (9.3) | 14 (13.0) | .4628 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 52 (47.7) | 39 (36.1) | 52 (48.2) | .1294 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (2.8) | .0977 |
| Coronary heart disease | 15 (13.8) | 13 (12.0) | 16 (14.8) | .8340 |
| Lung disease | 8 (7.3) | 5 (4.6) | 8 (7.4) | .6381 |
| Gastrointestinal disease | 25 (22.9) | 35 (32.4) | 28 (25.9) | .2762 |
| Stroke | 109 (100.0) | 108 (100.0) | 108 (100.0) | .4924 |
| Large-artery atherosclerosis | 37 (33.9) | 30 (27.8) | 32 (29.6) | |
| Cardioembolism | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Small-artery occlusion lacunar | 63 (57.8) | 73 (67.6) | 68 (63.0) | |
| Acute stroke of other determined etiology | 2 (1.8) | 3 (2.8) | 4 (3.7) | |
| Stroke of other undetermined etiology | 5 (4.6) | 2 (1.9) | 4 (3.7) | |
| Personal history, n (%) | ||||
| Alcohol intake | 37 (33.9) | 39 (36.1) | 47 (43.5) | .3134 |
| Smoking | 45 (41.3) | 45 (41.7) | 49 (45.4) | .7984 |
| Concomitant drugs in at least 10 patients, n (%) | 98 (89.9) | 94 (87.0) | 94 (87.0) | .7535 |
| Calcium channel blocker agents | 43 (39.5) | 48 (44.4) | 46 (42.6) | .7634 |
| Lipid regulator agents | 27 (24.8) | 23 (21.3) | 24 (22.2) | .8415 |
| Renin angiotensin system agents | 32 (29.4) | 18 (16.7) | 19 (17.6) | .0465 |
| Analgesics | 47 (43.1) | 38 (35.2) | 40 (37.0) | .4628 |
| Antidiabetic agents | 35 (32.1) | 23 (21.3) | 30 (27.8) | .1859 |
| Other Chinese medicine | 14 (12.8) | 14 (13.0) | 14 (13.0) | 1.0000 |
| Psychometric scores, mean (SD) | ||||
| VaDAS-cog | 31.5 (10.1) | 30.8 (9.5) | 31.8 (9.9) | .7611 |
| MMSE | 19.9 (3.4) | 19.7 (3.7) | 19.8 (3.6) | .8377 |
| CDR | 1.4 (0.5) | 1.4 (0.5) | 1.4 (0.5) | .7984 |
| CDR-SB | 6.6 (2.4) | 6.5 (2.4) | 6.5 (2.4) | .9839 |
| ADCS-ADLs | 50.0 (11.6) | 51.5 (11.1) | 50.8 (9.4) | .5889 |
| CLOX | 10.1 (3.4) | 10.2 (3.0) | 10.2 (2.9) | .9755 |
| C-EXIT25 | 18.3 (7.7) | 17.9 (7.6) | 17.7 (6.8) | .8341 |
| NPI for patients | 5.9 (5.4) | 5.5 (4.6) | 5.7 (4.9) | .8174 |
| NPI for caregivers | 3.1 (3.4) | 2.8 (3.1) | 2.8 (3.4) | .7966 |
| HAMD | 6.7 (3.7) | 6.2 (3.2) | 6.0 (3.7) | .2630 |
| mHIS | 9.5 (1.2) | 9.6 (1.4) | 9.7 (1.3) | .7675 |
Abbreviations: SD, standard deviation; VaDAS-cog, Vascular Dementia Assessment Scale–cognitive subscale; MMSE, Mini–Mental State Examination; CLOX, clock drawing task; C-EXIT25, Chinese version of the executive interview; NPI, Neuropsychiatric Inventory; CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; CDR-SB, the sum of boxes of the CDR; ADCS-ADLs, Alzheimer's disease cooperative study activities of daily living; HAMD, Hamilton Depression Scale; mHIS, Modified Hachinski Ischemic Scale.