Table 3.

Significance of relationship (P‐value) between the changes in esophageal pressure and external breathing resistance

	Peak expiratory pressure	Peak inspiratory pressure	Expiratory‐inspiratory pressure difference
External inspiratory resistance	0.013	0.001	<0.001
External expiratory resistance	0.004	0.031	<0.001
Combined external resistance	0.068	<0.001	<0.001

Values are expressed as means ± the standard deviation. Inspiratory PES, peak inspiratory esophageal pressure; expiratory PES, peak expiratory esophageal pressure; HR, heart rate; SpO2, peripheral oxygen saturation;$\dot{\mathrm{V}}$O₂, oxygen consumption; $\dot{\mathrm{V}}$E, minute ventilation; f, breathing frequency.