Fig. 4.

PDMF induces phosphorylation of p53 and increases its protein amount in A549 cells. a Protein levels of phosphorylated p53 (pp53, on Ser15), p53, and p21^Cip1/Waf1 upon treatment with PDMF were determined by western blot analysis. GAPDH was immunostained as a loading control. b, c, and d, The relative protein expression levels of pp53 (Ser15), p53 and p21 ^Cip1/Waf1 were quantified upon normalization with that of GAPDH. e PDMF suppresses Akt phosphorylation. Protein levels of pAkt (on Ser473) and Akt were detected by western blot analysis. f The relative protein expression levels of pAkt (Ser473) normalized with those of total Akt were quantified by the Image J software. The values are the mean ± SD of three different experiments. ^* P < 0.05 indicates significant differences compared with vehicle