Table 1. Epidemiology of LADA [13].

Study	Country	Type of study	No. of sample size	Age range, yr	Autoantibody	Frequency of autoantibody positivity, %
UKPDS 25	United Kingdom	Clinical based	3,672	25–65	GAD and/or ICA	12
BOTNIA	Finland	Registry based	1,122	28–83	GAD and/or IA-2	9.3
Ehime study	Japan	Clinical based	4,980	>20	GAD	3.8
ADOPT	USA, Europe	Clinical based	4,357	30–75	GAD and/or IA-2	4.2
NIRAD	Italy	Clinical based	5,330	30–75	GAD and/or IA-2	4.5
HUNT	Norway	Population based	1,134	≥20	GAD	10
Tianjin	China	Population based	8,109	≥15	GAD	9.2
Maioli et al. (2010) [14]	Italy (Sardinia)	Clinical based	5,568	35–70	GAD	4.9
Action LADA	Europe	Clinical based	6,810	30–70	GAD and/or IA-2, ZnT8	9.7
LADA China	China	Clinical based	5,324	≥20	GAD	5.9
Maddaloni et al. (2015) [5]	United Arab Emirates	Clinical based	17,072	30–70	GAD and/or IA-2	2.6
Lee et al. (2009) [16]	Korea	Clinical based	1,370	47–62	GAD and/or IA-2	5.1
Park et al. (2011) [17]	Korea	Population based	884	44–60	GAD and/or IA-2, ZnT8	4.4
Roh et al. (2013) [15]	Korea	Clinical based	323	29–63	GAD	5.3

Adapted from Buzzetti et al., with permission from Springer Nature [13].

LADA, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults; UKPDS, United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study; GAD, glutamic acid decarboxylase; ICA, islet cell; IA-2, protein tyrosine phosphatase; NIRAD, NonInsulin Requiring Autoimmune Diabetes; ZnT8, islet-specific zinc transporter isoform 8.