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. 2018 Jun 27;8:9741. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28090-w

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The effects of single and combined MIA and VIT_D on prepulse inhibition and amphetamine sensitivity in adult offspring. (A) Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex was used to investigate sensorimotor gating in adult offspring. %PPI is shown for three startling amplitudes (100, 110 and 120 dB_A, which are noted as P-100, P-110 and P-120, respectively) and prepulse intensities (71, 77 and 83 dB_A, corresponding to +6, +12 and +18 dB_A above background white noise). Poly(I:C) exposure impaired P-110dB_A PPI. The bar plots represent the mean %PPI for all prepulse and pulse levels. All values were medians ±SEM. ^*p < 0.05, reflecting the significant main effect of MIA on mean % PPI; ^***p < 0.001, reflecting the significant main effect of MIA in the P-110 condition. (B) The line plot shows total distance travelled in an open field per bin (=5 min) during initial habituation and subsequent saline administration periods, followed by the amphetamine (AMPH; 2.5 mg/kg, i.p.) administration phase. ^*p < 0.05, reflecting the significant difference between POL-VEH and CON-VEH offspring (AMPH bins 1–9); ⁺p < 0.05, reflecting the significant difference between POL-VEH and POL-Vit_D offspring (AMPH bins 11 and 12). All values were means ± SEM.