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. 2018 Jun 27;4:13. doi: 10.1038/s41537-018-0054-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 1 — Direct acyclic graph representing the potential role of PANSS symptoms, weight gain (WG), and extrapyramidal symptoms measured via the Simpson–Angus Scale (SAS) as mediators of the effect of paliperidone on social functioning measured by PSP scores. Despite the randomization at the treatment level, this model requires taking into account potential confounders of the mediator-outcome association