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. 2018 Jun 27;8:9732. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28095-5

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Sleep deprivation using dish tapping. (A) Dish tapping (sleep deprivation, SD) led to a 271% increase in mean mobility as measured by tracking nose speed. (B) Sleep bouts as defined by no detectable nose speed was reduced by 70% during the stimulation. (C) Total sleep time during L1 lethargus is reduced by 57% by sleep deprivation. (D) L1 lethargus length as measured by the time worms did not pump was slightly reduced by sleep deprivation by 9%. n = 9 worms, control animals received the tapping stimulus during L1 before lethargus. **Denotes statistical significance with p < 0.01, and ***denotes statistical significance with p < 0.001, paired Wilcoxon rank test.