Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics.
| Characteristics | NND group (n = 199) | TND group (n = 38) | PND group (n = 18) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 47.5 ± 10.3 | 49.1 ± 9.4 | 50.0 ± 6.9 |
| Male | 156 (78.4) | 30 (78.9) | 15 (83.3) |
| Body mass index (kg/m2)* | 24.4 ± 3.1 | 23.7 ± 3.4 | 23.5 ± 9.2 |
| Hypertension | 146 (73.4) | 28 (73.7) | 16 (88.9) |
| Smoking | 88 (44.2) | 18 (47.5) | 8 (44.4) |
| Marfan’s syndrome | 3 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
| Diabetes mellitus | 5 (2.5) | 2 (5.3) | 0 (0) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 92 (45.2) | 16 (42.1) | 8 (44.4) |
| Coronary artery disease | 11 (5.5) | 2 (5.3) | 1 (5.6) |
| Chronic obstructive lung disease | 2 (0.8) | 0 (0) | 1 (5.6) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 44 (22.1) | 10 (26.3) | 4 (22.2) |
| Previous operation on the aorta | 8 (4.0) | 2 (5.3) | 1 (5.6) |
| Chronic cerebral infarction | 27 (13.6) | 6 (15.8) | 3 (16.7) |
| Preoperative characteristics | |||
| Acute cerebral infarction (MR + ) | 19 (19.9) | 10 (38.5) | 4 (36.4) |
| Left ventricular ejection fraction < 40% | 18 (0.3) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0) |
| Acute renal failure | 22 (11.1) | 10 (26.3) | 7 (38.9) |
| Surgical Procedures | |||
| Bentall procedure† | 153 (76.9) | 30 (78.9) | 16 (88.9) |
| Cabrol procedure‡ | 11 (5.5) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0) |
| Ascending aorta replacement | 35 (17.6) | 7 (18.4) | 2 (11.1) |
| Total arch replacement | 187 (94.0) | 37 (97.4) | 18 (100) |
| Hemiarch replacement | 12 (6.0) | 1 (2.6) | 0 (0) |
| Stented elephant trunk | 187 (94.0) | 37 (97.4) | 18 (100) |
| Coronary artery bypass graft | 6 (3.0) | 1 (2.6) | 1 (5.6) |
| Unilateral SACP | 199 (100) | 38 (100) | 18 (100) |
| Operation times* | |||
| CPB time (min) | 210.1 ± 41.9 | 232.9 ± 46.3 | 220.1 ± 31.6 |
| Aortic cross-clamp time (min) | 98.8 ± 22.4 | 102.0 ± 21.5 | 107.5 ± 32.7 |
| HCA time, (min) | 30.2 ± 8.3 | 32.5 ± 7.4 | 31.3 ± 6.5 |
Note.-Except where indicated, the data are numbers of patients, with percentages in parentheses.
*The data are the means ± standard deviations.
NND = no neurological dysfunction; TND = temporary neurological dysfunction; PND = permanent neurological dysfunction; SACP = selective antegrade cerebral perfusion; CPB = cardiopulmonary bypass; HCA = hypothermic circulatory arrest.
†A Bentall procedure is a cardiac operation involving composite graft replacement of the aortic valve, aortic root and ascending aorta, with re-implantation of the coronary arteries into the graft. The Bentall procedure was first described in 1968 by Hugh Bentall and Antony De Bono.
‡A Cabrol technique is a cardiac operation in which the coronary ostia are anastomosed to a second graft in an end-to-end fashion, and this graft is then attached to the ascending aortic conduit side-to-side.