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. 2018 Jun 27;8:9765. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28136-z

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Noise and functionality of a laser-etched nanopore. (a) TEM image showing a nanopore with a diameter of 6.5 nm. Compared to the peripheral membrane, the nanopore is very bright, owing to an unobstructed electron beam path. (b) Power spectral density (PSD) plot of a nanopore for an applied bias of 300 mV. The inlet shows the corresponding current-voltage (IV) curve for this nanopore, with a linear fitting (R² > 0.99). (c) Scatter plot of dsDNA translocation events. The trans chamber was biased to 300 mV to drive translocation of 300 pM 5054 bp dsDNA from cis to trans. The size of the pore is 3.1 ± 0.3 nm based on the current blockage level/molecular ruler model. (d) A concatenated ionic current trace showing sample dsDNA translocation events. (e) Scatter plot of di-ubiquitin (K63-linked di-Ub) translocation events at pH 7. The trans chamber was biased to 300 mV to drive translocation of 0.007 μg/µl di-Ub from cis to trans. (f) A concatenated ionic current trace showing sample di-Ub translocation events.