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. 2018 Jun 21;9:314. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00314

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Copyright © 2018 Rotondi, Coperchini, Latrofa and Chiovato.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Multifaceted pro-tumorigenic effects of CXCL8 in thyroid cancer microenvironment. CXCL8, being produced by both normal and tumor thyroid cells, exerts a chemotactic action on circulating immune cells (expressing CXCR1 and CXCR2), which further secrete CXCL8. The presence of TNFα, Ilβ, and other CXCL8 stimulating factors in the thyroid cancer microenvironments induces an upregulation of the CXCL8 secretion by both normal and cancer thyroid cells. The expression of CXCR1 and CXCR2 on thyroid tumor cells accounts for the autocrine/paracrine signaling exerted by CXCL8 secreted by normal thyroid cells, thyroid cancer cells themselves, and infiltrating immune cells resulting in an increase of (i) recruitment of infiltrating immune cells, (ii) angiogenesis, (iii) tumor cell proliferation, (iv) EMT, and (v) tumor cell migration in the vascular bed and their journey to metastatic sites.