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. 2018 Jun 21;9:660. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00660

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Copyright © 2018 Liu, Peng, Liu, Wu, Wang, Wang, Liu, Xia and Zeng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Topical TWEAK enhances protective inflammatory responses in burn wounds. Burn wounds were created in the wild-type BALB/c mice and were treated by either normal saline (NaCl) or TWEAK solution (20 μg/ml). Skin tissue was harvested on day 14. (A) The mRNA expression levels of RANTES, MCP-1, IP-10, TGF-β1, EGFR, and MMP-9 were measured in tissue. (B,C) The proteins of these molecules were determined by Western blotting. (D) The TWEAK, EGFR, and MMP-9 (red) expression, as well as inflammatory cells, were detected by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence. In immunofluorescence, the nuclei were stained by 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (blue). Number of mice = 5. Representative images are shown. Bar = 25 μm. ^∗p < 0.05, compared with blank group; Δp < 0.05, compared with normal saline group.