Table 3.

Summary of applications (conduct and analyses)

Study	Conduct					Analyses
	Mode of administration	Opportunities for revision	Format/software	Training	Piloting	Pooling	Fitting	Pooled distribution used directly within the decision model?
Garthwaite et al. [14]	Individual face-to-face and remote (telephone) interviews	Unclear	Interview and specialized software	NR	No	No pooling	Independently elicited quantities: NR; dependency elicitation: yes, generalized linear model	No, each expert’s distributions used directly
Leal et al. [10]	Remote (email) and individual face-to-face interviews	Yes	Excel-based	NR	Yes	Linear pooling	Yes, maximum likelihood	Yes
Girling et al. [15]	Group face-to-face interviews	Yes	NA	NR	NR	–	Yes, method NR	Yes
Stevenson et al. [16]	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	Yes
Meads et al. [12]	Group face-to-face and individual face-to-face interviews	NR	Paper	Yes	NR	Linear pooling	NR	No, Bayesian updating with existing evidence
McKenna et al. [19]	NR	NR	Excel-based	Yes	Yes	Linear pooling	Yes, method NR	Yes
Haakma et al. [13]	Individual face-to-face interviews	Yes	Excel-based	NR	Yes	Linear pooling	Yes, Project Evaluation and Review Technique software	Yes
Stevenson et al. [17]	Group face-to-face interviews	Yes	NR	NR	NR	NA	Yes, least squares	NR
Speight et al. [25]	NR	NR	Paper	NR	NR	NR	Yes, method NR	Yes
Sperber et al. [22]	Remote (telephone) interviews	Yes	Excel-based	NR	Yes	Linear pooling	Yes, least squares (EasyFit software)	NR
Colbourn et al. [28]	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	Predictive distribution from random-effects meta-analysis	Yes, method NR	Yes
Soares et al. [9]	Group face-to-face interviews	Yes	Excel-based	Yes	Yes	Linear pooling	Yes, method of moments	No, Bayesian updating with existing evidence
Bojke et al. [18]	Individual face-to-face interviews	Yes	Excel-based	Yes	NR	Linear pooling and random-effects meta-analysis	Yes, method of moments	Yes
Cao et al. [11]	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	Linear pooling	Yes (BetaBuster software)	Yes
Fischer et al. [23]	Group face-to-face, individual face-to-face, and remote (telephone) interviews	NR	Paper	Yes	Yes	Linear pooling	No, empirical distribution used	NR
Poncet et al. [27]	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	Linear pooling	NR	Yes
Grigore et al. [24]	Individual face-to-face interviews	Yes	Excel-based	Yes	Yes	Linear pooling	Yes, method NR	Yes
Wilson et al. [20]	NR	NR	SHELF	NR	NR	NR	NR	Yes
Meeyai et al. [21]	NR	NR	SHELF	NR	NR	NR	NR	No, Bayesian updating with existing evidence
Grimm et al. [35]	NR	NR	NR	NR	NR	Linear pooling	Yes, least squares	Yes

NA, not applicable; NR, not reported; SHELF, Sheffield Elicitation Framework.