FIG 3.

Treatment with AMPK activator PF-06409577 inhibits flavivirus infection. (A) Single-step growth curve of WNV, ZIKV, and DENV-2. Vero cells were infected with the corresponding flavivirus (MOI of 1 PFU/cell), and virus yield in supernatant was determined by plaque assay at the indicated times p.i. (B and C). Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of PF-06409577 on Vero cells by determination of ATP content at 24 h posttreatment (B) or 48 h posttreatment (C). (D, E and F) Reduction of WNV (D), ZIKV (E), and DENV-2 (F) infection in Vero cells treated with PF-06409577. Cells were infected with the corresponding flavivirus (MOI of 1 PFU/cell), and the drug was added 1 h after virus inoculation and maintained during the assay. Virus yield in supernatant was determined by plaque assay at 24 h p.i. for WNV and ZIKV or 48 h p.i. for DENV-2. Data are presented as mean ± SD (n = 3 or 4). Points represent independent biological replicates. Two-tailed Student's t test P values between control and each compound concentration were Bonferroni-corrected for multiple comparisons.*, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01.