Figure 3.

Comparison of the conventional maceration extraction and USAE under the same operational parameters, with all carried out at 25°C. (a) 30% aqueous ethanol (solvent), 1/5 (w/v; ratio of dry leaf mass to solvent volume), 120 min (extraction time). (b) 50% ethanol, 1/5 (w/v), 120 min. (c) 70% ethanol, 1/5 (w/v), 120 min. (d) 70% ethanol, 1/5 (w/v), 60 min. (e) 70% ethanol, 1/5 (w/v), 240 min. (f) 70% ethanol, 1/5 (w/v), 360 min. (g) 70% ethanol, 1/3 (w/v), 120 min. (h) 70% ethanol, 1/7 (w/v), 120 min. (i) 70% ethanol, 1/10 (w/v), 120 min