Fig. 5. Electrochemical performances. (a) Unique multifaceted nanoarchitecture avoids the common problem of stacking that occurs with e.g. 1D CNTs or 2-D graphene, allowing for the easy diffusion of ions deep inside the material. Furthermore, the PANI nanorod arrays provide the ions with easy access to the carbon core, which leads to the enhanced synergy of these nanocomposites. The PANI nanorods also provide fast conducting channels (electron highways) for electrons to reach the collector surface. (b) Comparative CVs of carbon–PANI//carbon–PANI (S3), PANI//PANI, and carbon//carbon capacitors in 1 M H₂SO₄ electrolyte. (c) Discharge times for the carbon–PANI//carbon–PANI capacitor at various applied specific currents. (d) Plot of the variation of the specific capacitance with specific current.